Evolution of cellular communications toward fourth generation

الملخص EN

This article gives a complete survey on cellular communications evolution toward fourth generation.

Starting with fast overview of the first generation analog systems, the paper passes to the second generation digital systems explaining in details the important characteristics of various types of networks.

The main features of third generation systems, focusing on radio access technologies, are thoroughly illustrated and systems currently under development by international large communications companies toward fourth generation are investigated.

Fourth generation systems objectives and new features together with stages of development are presented with brief comparison with third generation systems.

Finally, challenges for future work on cellular communications are clarified.