Acknowledgement-based directed diffusion routing (ADDR)‎ protocol

الملخص EN

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are highly prone to security threats that are more difficult from being launched in wired network due to resource constraints and the broadcast nature of the transmission medium.

Directed Diffusion routing protocol is one of the routing protocols for WSNs that are not designed with security in mind and are particularly susceptible to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.

In this paper, the authors propose a novel routing protocol for WSNs, the Acknowledgement-based Directed Diffusion Routing (ADDR) protocol, that is an enhanced version based on the recognized Directed Diffusion routing protocol.

The proposed ADDR protocol contains an end-to-end feedback via applying an acknowledgement mechanism for confirming the delivery of data-events to the Sink.

The paper presents an explanation and a simulation-based performance evaluation for the proposed ADDR protocol.

It was implemented in a WSN model, and its performance was evaluated in both situations, under normal conditions (in the absence of any DoS attacks) and with the existence of the black hole DoS attack against data-event packets sent from source nodes to the Sink.

According to the selected parameters, simulations show that for the case when black hole attack exists against sensor nodes in the WSN, the ADDR protocol achieved a better performance compared to the original Directed Diffusion protocol regarding the event-delivery and event-dropping ratios but with a reasonably higher costs in both the mean dissipated energy and average delay in some situations due to the retransmission of nonacknowledged data-events plus the feedback process for delivered events via acknowledgement