Selection and evaluation of alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of postharvest citrus fruits rot caused by penicillium. italicum in Jordan

العناوين الأخرى

انتقاء و تقييم بدائل للمبيدات الفطرية الكيميائية للحد من إصابة ثمار الحمضايات بفطر بنسيليوم إيتالكم (العفن الأزرق)‎

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

al-Najjar, Rasha

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

Alaali, Firas Muhammad

أعضاء اللجنة

al-Tarawinah, Khalid Ahmad Jafar
Ababinah, Ahmad Husayn
Kanan, Ghassan Jaddu

الجامعة

جامعة مؤتة

الكلية

كلية العلوم

القسم الأكاديمي

قسم الأحياء

دولة الجامعة

الأردن

الدرجة العلمية

ماجستير

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2007

الملخص الإنجليزي

The aim of this research work is to evaluate (in vitro and in vivo) alternative methods for the control of post harvest decay of citrus fruits caused by wild-type strains of the fungus Penicillium italicum.

This was achieved through strategies that implement the use of six chemical fungicides and seven traditional or natural plant crude extracts and their fractions.

The obtained results indicated that the fungicide Benomyl was serving as the most successful inhibitory agent that worked (in vitro and in vivo) against the four (1.1, 1.3, 1, 5, and 1.6) tested strains, where the MICs which resulted in total inhibition of fungal growth were 1000 (ig / ml, 300 fig/ml, 150 fig / ml, and 40 (.ig / ml respectively.

The combination of Blin exa/Vydan and Topsin M/Canvil were the best combinations of fungicides that have worked against P.

italicum strains at all used concentrations, where such combinations of fungicides had lead to complete inhibition of fungal growth at combined concentrations of 1000:1000 and 1000:2000 (ig / ml.

All tested fungicides combinations were highly effective in completely inhibiting fungal growth on orange fruits.

The combinations of Vydan / Canvil, Topsin M / Blin exa and Benomyl/Vydan had shown such inhibitory activity against strain 1.6 and 1.1 which infects lemon fruits.

Results of decay control chemicals indicated that sodium benzoate was serving as a strong inhibitory agent against all tested strains of P.

italicum, where a range of concentrations from 4 mM up to 100 mM had lead to complete inhibition of hyphal growth.

The crude extract of sticky fleabane in addition to its methanolic fraction were serving as the most powerful inhibitory agent against the four in vitro tested P.

italicum strains.

Cinnamon crude extract as well as the methanolic, hexane and aqueous fractions had generated complete inhibition of fungal growth and by this cinnamon is ranked first in terms of antifungal activity.

Garlic crude extract does not lead to complete inhibition of P.

italicum growth (in vitro) as compared to its antifungal activity in the in vivo tests as well as that generated by the methanolic fraction which generates complete inhibition of fungal growth (in vitro).

The crude extract of harmal was acting as the second most effective inhibitor (in vitro and in vivo) against P.

italicum.

In contrast, non-of its tested fractions had caused complete inhibition of growth.

Phytochemical screening indicated that flavonoids were detected in the methanolic fraction of all extract types except those of harmal, fenugreek and garlic extract.

Alkaloids were found in the methanolic, aqueous and in the layer between fractions of harmal.

Also found in the methanolic fraction of garlic and fenugreek as well as in between fractions of cinnamon.

Tannins were detected in both the aqueous and-between fractions of cinnamon, whereas, phenolic compounds were found in the aqueous fraction of all tested plants except garlic.

Anthraquinones were found in both the methanolic and the aqueous fractions of sticky fleabane.

التخصصات الرئيسية

النبات

الموضوعات

• الفاكهة
• البذور
• الكيماويات الزراعية
• المطهرات
• الأردن
• مبيدات الفطر
• البنسلين

عدد الصفحات

233

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-304619