Evaluation of 900 mhz mobile phone effects on palate and tooth germ development in mouse embryo : histological & immunohistochemical study

الملخص EN

Background Mobile telephones, sometimes called cellular phones (GSM, Global System for Mobile Communication) or handies, are now an integral part of modern telecommunications.

In some parts of the world, they are the most reliable or only phones available.

In others, mobile phones are very popular because they allow people to maintain continuous communication without hampering freedom of movement.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of 900 MHz mobile phone on palate and tooth germ development in mouse embryo for the period of (16th day, 18th day intrauterine life and one day postnatal life).

Materials and Methods : Thirty pregnant Bulb-c Albeno Swiss female mouse (2-3 months of age, 100-125 gm of weight), were used in the present experiment.

Those mice were divided into three groups.

The first group consisted of 6 pregnant mice were assigned as a control group.

The second group consisted of 12 pregnant mice were exposed to mobile phone radiation for 60 minutes daily and the third group consisted of 12 pregnant mice were exposed to mobile phone radiation for 120 minutes daily starting from the zero day of gestation till the day of scarification.

The embryos of mice; were obtained at different period of gestation (At 16th day I.U.L., 18th day I.U.L., and One day old postnatal period).

Results Histological examination and immunohistochemical evaluation for CD34 expression were done for all animals including control group showed that mobile phone (EMF radiation) with 900 MHz in short exposed period (one hour) can stimulate tooth germ cells as it was shown, an early appearance of tooth germ in cap stage at 16th day I.U.L and positive expression of CD34 marker on dental tissue.

Conclusion In this study we investigated an important point that the effects of mobile phones concerned on mesenchymal germ cell rather than ectodermal germ cell which represented by positive reaction of CD34 on mesenchymal cell of dental sac ,bone and cartilage.

Increment in time exposure to EMF radiation emitted from mobile phone for 2 hours duration showed retardation in tooth development with obvious reduction in size of the mice.