Samir A. AL-Sheikh. Personal reference in Hemingway's :

الملخص EN

In English, as in any other language, there is a certain linguistic category which makes reference to something else for its interpretation.

This category has come to be called "personal reference".

This category is not without function to the semantic organization of a literary text.

This paper purports to investigate the use of personal forms as reference items with a cohesive function in Ernest Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants".

Hemingway's short prose text is analyzed in terms of Halliday's descriptive linguistics.

Following Hallidayan linguistics, no aesthetic evaluation is implied.

The paper fundamentally tends to show how linguistic patterns operate within the "system network".

The paper falls into two parts.

Part I deals with the theoretical framework where the concept of reference is seminally concerned with ; whereas Part II tackles the textual analysis of "Hills Like White Elephants".