Studies on captive red-necked ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus)‎ eggs, artificial hatching and intensive chick rearing

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

al-Ubayd, al-Ubayd Abd al-Rahim

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

Muhammad, Ahmad al-Amin
Muhammad, Aishah al-Fiqqi

الجامعة

جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية

الكلية

كلية الزراعة

القسم الأكاديمي

قسم إنتاج الدواجن

دولة الجامعة

السودان

الدرجة العلمية

دكتوراه

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2007

الملخص الإنجليزي

This study was conducted to evaluate captive ostrich eggs, artificial incubation and the intensive chick rearing.

The parent red-necked (Struthio camelus camelus) flock was stocked from the wild (Dindir National Park) over three seasons of production to count 9 males and 19 females, 2-3 years old and was in the second season of production.

Accommodation was in 5 breeding pens and feeding plane was at 14 % crude protein and 09.23 MJ ME / Kg.

Eggs were collected manually and stored for a maximum of 7 days at room temperature before being incubated.

External and internal physical egg characteristics, egg components percent, shell thickness and porosity and egg chemical characteristics were evaluated.

Eggs were candled before and end term incubation and hatched chicks were brooded and started for eight weeks before considered growers for another eight weeks.

Starters and growers were fed at 23 and 16 % crude protein and 14.75 and 10.11 MJ ME / Kg respectively.

Grower chick body measurements were recorded and behavior was observed.

The overall mean seasonal values showed 20.35 ±10.82 eggs produced per hen at a weight of 1650.73±215.89 g.

with fertility 54.59±20.09 % and hatchability of incubated eggs 32.65±16.22%; with fertile ones 57.41± 17.53 %.

Mean external physical egg measurements were 44.33±1.13 and 40.35 ± 0.90 for mean circumference length and width, 15.43 ± 0.55 and 12.56 ± 0.38 cm.

for axial length and width.

Shape index was 81.79 ± 0.76.

Mean internal physical egg measurements were 1.32 ± 00.49 cm.

for albumin height and 19.01± 5.15 for yolk index.

Haugh unit was 78.58±5.19.

For the egg chemical values, the shell was of the highest (99.50 %) dry matter and ash (92.50 %) and lowest (2.05 %) nitrogen- free extract.

The highest CP (23.00 %) and ether extract (18.90 %) was in the yolk.

The shell contained the higher macro and micro minerals cited except for potassium which is higher (4.40 %) in the yolk.

The mean value of shell thickness was higher (02.00 + 00.07mm) at the end, while mean values of branched and single pores were similar for the different areas, with higher branched pore numbers (09.40 ± 01.63) to the top and higher single pores numbers (23.35 ± 10.17) to the side.

The overall means of hatching egg weight, water loss % of hatched eggs, one day chick weight and the percentage of chick to the egg weight were 1687.80 ± 201.47g.

10.99 ± 2.07%, 1094.11 ± 185.20 g.

and 64.58 ±05.09 % respectively.

The overall average performance values of starter ostrich chicks for 8 weeks (initial-8 weeks)were 4267.00 ± 2941.73 g., 156.21 ± 97.33g and 01.21 ± 00.63 for body weight, average daily gain and the feed conversion ratio respectively.

The average daily dry matter intake was 148.51 ± 79.35 g.

The overall average performance values of grower ostrich chicks for 8 weeks (8-16 weeks) were 13443.49 ± 3704.02 g., 200.60± 55.589 g and 2.44 ± 00.75 for body weight, average daily gain and the feed conversion ratio respectively.

The average daily dry matter intake was 455.13 ± 179.85 g.

The starter and grower periods were characterized by high growth rates and high feed conversion ratio.

Starter ostrich chick mortalities due to omphalitis or heat stress were 10 % of the flock.

During the growing period chick mortalities affections were strangulation, impaction, injury and leg deformities.

Total affection were 37 % of the flock.

Body measurements of grower ostrich chicks (8-16 weeks) were typical of the red-necked type with back height most participating to the growth rate of chicks.

Beak and head were of lower growth rates.

The mean daylight time budget of different behavioral attributes of grower ostrich chicks show that 70 % of the activity was devoted to feeding, drinking, coprophagy & defection.

Resting was least (20 % of the day time).

Defection is less (11.67 + 01.36 %) in the morning and caprophagy is high (07.36 + 02.27 %) in the evening.

It was concluded that the wild red-necked ostriches reared in captivity can attain fair levels of production with reasonable fertility and hatchability when fed up to requirements with regard to bird physiology.

التخصصات الرئيسية

العلوم الزراعية

الموضوعات

• الفسيولوجيا
• السلوك

عدد الصفحات

124

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-362895