The impact of cropping rotation and pattern on water management : Gezira Scheme case

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

Ali, Muhammad al-Sadiq

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

Ahmad, Abd Allah Abd al-Salam

الجامعة

جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية

الكلية

كرسي اليونسكو للمياه

دولة الجامعة

السودان

الدرجة العلمية

ماجستير

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2006

الملخص الإنجليزي

Gezira Scheme (GS)in Sudan, the largest irrigated and agricultural project (2.2 million feddan)managed by a single administration at the level of the world and consuming one third of Sudan's share in the Nile Water Agreement, is selected to constitute the theme of this thesis.

The major objective of this dissertation is to focus on cropping rotation and patterns in Gezira Scheme in the last three decades and study their impact on the process of water management.

The data on areas cultivated with various crops and their corresponding productivities beside released water discharges and crop water indents have been collected and verified for the period covered by this research.

The rates of rainfall , evaporation and varying crop's respective water requirements have been used in estimating the water requirements for various agricultural rotations and crop mixes.

A major goal of this limited research work is to study impact of the crop type, the crop mix &the agricultural rotation on the management of the irrigation water.

Conspicuous variation in the water requirements for different crops have been observed, nevertheless, the cotton crop has proved to be the biggest user or consumer of water.

Moreover, it was remarked, that the overlap in crop cultivation represents the basic justification for the deficiency in irrigation water during the period (October to December).

Productivity of various crops which is known to be far below the international standards or norms for crop yield, is recording perpetual deterioration.

The size of areas grown annually is oscillating as these areas are subject to frequent cuts and expansions.

The difference between areas cultivated and those harvested is widening significantly especially when more extensions are effectuated.

On the other hand ,the water requirements for the agricultural rotation in the scheme are almost the same while both land exploitation and productivities are showing no significant differences.

The current rotation and the different cultivation plans impose pressure on the labour force and the machinery used in the preparation process due to rather short periods between the harvesting time for some of the crops and cultivation season of others.

It can be observed that there is loss in the water resources arising from the extravagant or irrational use of irrigation water of high cropping intensities.

Despite the fact that crop water indents are usually fully satisfied, a shortage in irrigation water is experienced at the different stages of crop growth, especially during the flowering period, leading to low rate of crops productivity.

As the full crop water indents are usually met, there should be some mistake linked with wrong measurements, in the water received at the fields, caused by weakness on the side of the water management or it is a result of silt accumulation and intensive growth of water grasses in the irrigation canals with their negative effect on the canals capacities.

The continuation of current irrational use of water in GS will deprive the economy of the possibility of maximizing the benefits from the available fertile lands and water resources. To secure better exploitation of the water and land resources, the study concluded that a flexible management system should be applied with consideration to the possibility of executing the two options of balance of copping intensities and radical solution for the irrigation water shortages experienced at the different stages of crop growth especially at times of crop water requirements overlap. In conclusion, the study recommends strongly conduction of further scientific research on the above issues.

التخصصات الرئيسية

العلوم الزراعية

الموضوعات

• السودان
• الدورة الزراعية
• مياه الري

عدد الصفحات

89

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-363795