A study on some methods of milk adultration in Khartoum State

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

Muhammad, Majidah Mukhtar Ahmad

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

Abd Allah, Muhammad Uthman Muhammad

الجامعة

جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية

الكلية

كلية الزراعة

القسم الأكاديمي

قسم علوم و تقانة الأغذية

دولة الجامعة

السودان

الدرجة العلمية

ماجستير

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2005

الملخص الإنجليزي

This study was conducted to detect milk adulteration in Khartoum State including Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman cities. The laboratory analysis carried out in this study included the determination of freezing point, fat content, specific gravity and detection of formalin, starch and antibiotics. The results of this investigation showed that the highest fat content was in Khartoum (4.39%), while the lowest was in Khartoum North (4.20%), and the highest specific gravity was in Khartoum (1.026) and the lowest was in Khartoum North (1.024).

The highest freezing point was in Khartoum North and Omdurman (–0.505) and the lowest was in Khartoum (–0.526).

The highest fat content was in high income area (4.35%), while the lowest was in middle income area (4.19%). The highest specific gravity was in high income area (1.026), and the lowest was in low income area (1.024).

The highest freezing point was in high income area (–0.48) and the lowest was in middle income area (–0.54).

The highest fat content in Khartoum was in Alkalakla (4.52%)while the lowest was in Alamarat (4.29%).

The highest specific gravity was in Alamarat (1.029), while the lowest was in Alsahafa and Alkalakla (1.025).

The highest freezing point was in Alamarat (–0.509) and the lowest was in Alkalakla (–0.545). The highest fat content in Khartoum North was in Alsafia (4.35), while the lowest was in Alsheghla (4.13).

Also the highest specific gravity was in Alsafia (1.025) and the lowest was in Alsheghla (1.023). The highest freezing point was in Alsafia (–0.42), while the lowest was in Hilatkuku (–0.558).

In Omdurman, the highest fat content was in Alneel city (4.40) and the lowest was in Wadnobawi (4.09), while the highest freezing point was in Ombada (–0.461) and the lowest was in Wadnobawi (–0.544).

Results of starch detection in Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman was negative indicating no starch addition, while results of formalin was positive in Khartoum and Omdurman (9.52% in each city).

However in Khartoum North the result of formalin was negative. Formalin tests indicated positive results in Alamarat (7.14%) and in Asahafa (2.38%).

Formalin test was positive in Alneel City (7.14%) and in Ombada (2.38%).

Antibiotic test was positive in Khartoum (4.76%) and Omdurman (2.38%).

Tests for Antibiotics were positive in Alsahafa (2.38%) and Alkalakla (2.38%) and Ombada (2.38%). We can conclude the above into the following : The milk sold in high and low income areas of bad quality due to addition of water, while the milk sold in middle income areas had normal freezing point indicating adulteration by addition of water was not practice in this areas. In Khartoum City Alkalakla area has the most best milk quality compared to Alamarat and Alsahafa .In Khartoum North City Hilat Kuku and Alshigla recorded normal freezing point indicated good quality milk, while Alsafia had bad quality milk.

In Omderman Alneel City and Ombada had bad quality milk due to addition of water, while Wadnobawi had normal freezing point indicating good quality milk. Khartoum North had milk of good quality compared to that sold in Khartoum and Omdurman where in these two latter formalin and antibiotic had been added .

التخصصات الرئيسية

علم الحيوان

الموضوعات

• الحليب

عدد الصفحات

50

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-364050