Evaluation of effectiveness, safety profile and drug interactions of anticancer regimens in Sudanese and Saudi patients

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

Sanad, Sarah Mustafa Muhammad

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

al-Tahir, Mahmud Mudawi
Hasanayn, Yasir Mahmud Salih

الجامعة

جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية

الكلية

كلية الصيدلة

القسم الأكاديمي

قسم العقاقير الطبيعية

دولة الجامعة

السودان

الدرجة العلمية

ماجستير

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2012

الملخص الإنجليزي

Introduction : the use of chemotherapy to treat cancer began at the start of the 20th century with attempts to narrow the universe of chemicals that might affect the disease by developing methods to screen chemicals using transplantable tumors in rodents.

It was, however, four World War II–related programs, and the effects of drugs that evolved from them, that provided the impetus to establish in 1955 the national drug development effort known as the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center.

The ability of combination chemotherapy to cure acute childhood leukemia and advanced Hodgkin's disease in the 1960s and early 1970s overcame the prevailing pessimism about the ability of drugs to cure advanced cancers, facilitated the study of adjuvant chemotherapy, and helped foster the national cancer program.

Today, chemotherapy has changed as important molecular abnormalities are being used to screen for potential new drugs as well as for targeted treatments.

Objectives : the purposes of this study were to assess the safety profile of the anticancer regimens and compare it with the international values and drug interactions between them and other therapies used to treat diseases associated with cancer and also determine the therapeutic response in the condition of the patients treated with immunotherapy and chemotherapy, identify side effects and the drugs used to reduce it.

Methodology : The retrospective study was conducted at the Departments of Oncology in Aseer, Saudi German hospitals in Saudi Arabia, and Radiation Isotopes Center (RIC), Khartoum, Sudan.

Extended the study period from December 2009 to January 2012.

The number of patients who treated with immunotherapy was 20 patients in Saudi Arabia and 299 patients treated with the chemotherapy regimens in both countries (Sudan and Saudi Arabia).

The data collected from patients’ records by structural questionnaire[ after got the hospitals consent, and then analyzed by computer using SPSS program.] Results : This study revealed that the chemotherapy regimens elevated the levels of liver enzymes more than monoclonal antibodies treatment, AST was 16.34 % and ALT was 17.93% for chemotherapy and AST was 11.11 % and ALT was 11.91 for MAB , also the levels of serum creatinine for chemotherapy agents represented 7.85% and for MAB was 4.91 %, there were no interactions observed or formally measured with concomitant drugs and monoclonal antibodies, 40 % of patients have complete response with monoclonal antibodies regimens 7(87.5 %) patients treated with combination therapy and 1(12.5 %)treated with MAB alone and 20 % of patients were found to have progression, 3(75 %) patients treated with combination therapy and 1(25 %)treated with MAB alone, while chemotherapy regimens represented 28 % complete response and 25% was progression response.

The most important side effects associated with chemotherapy regimens were nausea and vomiting, represented 100 % and 83.33 % respectively, which treated with the anti-emetic drugs and hypersensitivity reaction represented 100% which was associated with the MAB treatment, and controlling by using of antihistamines and immunosuppressant agents.

Conclusion : Chemotherapy regimens have a high potential to cause adverse effects, most of the reaction were of milder nature but not preventable.

In the global database with over 10,000 AEs reported, the most frequently reported events for chemotherapy were nausea (55 %), vomiting (34 %), general disorders and weakness (28 %) hair loss (18 %).

Where data of MAB regimens overall side effects were rare and, the most frequently reported adverse effects were hypersensitivity reaction (75 %), weakness (34 %), respiratory disorders(21 %), general disorders and gastrointestinal disorders(14 %) and Intravenous infusion-related symptoms (5 %).

These results were complying with this study.

The overall conclusion is that the safety profile for MAB in combination with any chemotherapy regimen remains favorable for patients with advanced stage; the addition of MAB to chemotherapy significantly improves response rates and long-term outcomes for patients.

The monoclonal antibodies treatment is less toxic, more effective and has strong value in treatment of different types of cancer and should be considered as first line therapy Recommendations : increase awareness authority about cancer disease and its treatments to provide more effective treatment and less toxic

التخصصات الرئيسية

علم الصيدلة

الموضوعات

• المرضى
• السرطان(مرض)
• السعودية
• السودان

عدد الصفحات

117

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-364525