Physiological and clinical importance of calcium score and risk factors in coronary artery disease

الملخص EN

Objective : the calcium score is the best predictor for the coronary artery disease.

Patients : Fourty eight patients admitted to Al-Hussain General Teaching Hospital and to the Iraqi medical center in karbala, and 18healthy controls were included in this study which lasted from November / 2010 to September / 2011.

The patients included 34males and 14 females, their ages ranged from 19-84 years, witha mean age of 58.63 years.

Those patients were divided into male and female subgroups.As well as, the healthy controls were matched in age and sex with them.

The patients are classified in many groups according to the risk factors The ages of these groups are divided as follows : the first group (30-50 years) ; the second group (≥ 51years).

Results : This study demonstrated that The calcium score and the biochemical parameters (lipid profile & glucose level), have highly significant to the coronary artery disease (p < 0.000) and have also a significant correlation between calcium score and dyslipidemia (p < 0.001, p < 0.002) according to the risk factor taken, also shows significant increment in comparison with healthy controls (p < 0.000).

Calcium score have significant correlation with the age, weight & lipid elements p < 0.000 that is reflected the increasing incidence of the coronary artery disease with age and with the increasing the body weight specially the central obesity.

The distribution of the coronary artery calcification is more frequent in the male sex than in female (p < 0.005).

Regarding the diabetes mellitus which has important changes in the Ca++ score & the biochemical's results since there is strong correlation with Ca++ score & the dyslipidemia and then coronary artery disease (p < 0.000) while in non diabetic this is excluded.

In ex smoking have significant correlation between the Ca++ score and the coronary artery disease in addition to that there is more strong correlation if there is association between ex smoking & diabetes mellitus same thing apply to the lipid parameters in this group (p < 0.007).

Coronary computed tomography with +ve result show very high significance with Ca++ score in comparison to the normal coronary arteries which indicate the accuracy of the computed tomographic angiogram in prediction of the coronary calcification & in turn coronary artery disease (p < 0.000).

Conclusion : In view of the changes summarized, the presence or absence of the coronary calcification by computed tomographic angiogram and biochemical parameters changes may be attributed to prediction of the coronary artery disease due to atherosclerosis which arises mainly due to increase of accumulation of the risk factors.