Maternal periodontal disease and its relationship to preterm birth and low birth weight

الملخص EN

Background : Periodontal disease in pregnancy could potentially influence pregnancy outcomes through indirect mechanisms involving inflammatory cytokines or direct translocation of bacteria and its products to the fetoplacental unit.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of maternal periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) both in terms of prevalence and severity on preterm birth(PTB) and low birth weight (LBW).

Materials and methods : Ninety pregnant women were included in the study, and they were divided into 3 groups : Group 1: 30 pregnant women suffering from gingivitis.

Group 2 : 30 pregnant women suffering from periodontitis.

Group 3 : 30 pregnant women control showing healthy periodontal condition matched with age.

Results : The results showed that plaque was present in all groups with varying degree and the highest in the second visit than first for three groups.

Gingivitis was more severe in the periodontitis and gingivitis groups and to a lesser extent for control group.

The highest percentage of probing pocket depth was mostly found during periodontitis group and then in the gingivitis and high prevalent of no pocket in the control groups, Chi-square was used for the comparison between three groups, which showed high significant difference in the first and second visits.

For bleeding on probing the highest percentage was found in the periodontitis group, followed by gingivitis and finally control group, the comparison between three groups showed high significant difference.

Gingival crevicular fluid was increased in flow in periodontitis followed by gingivitis and least in the control group, high-significant difference was detected when comparison between three groups.

Conclusion : Our study revealed that there was no relation between periodontal disease in pregnant women and preterm birth and low birth weight.