Effect of smoking on cell adhesion molecules in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetes mellitus

الملخص EN

It was recently suggested that smoking, in addition to its well-known cardiovascular consequences, could accelerate the progression of renal diseases.

Also, increasing evidence suggests that chronic smoking adversely influence the prognosis of diabetic nephropathy.

A higher level of cAM, particularly cICAM-1 has been found in nondiabetic smokers compared with non-smokers.

However, no data available regarding the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on the plasma clCAM-1 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on plasma cICAM-1 levels in a gi'oup of normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group comprised 75 subjects; a diabetic group consisted of 50patients (30 males and 20 females, their mean age was 48.36±8.7 years) and a non-diabetic control group consisted of 25 subjects (15 males and 10 females, their mean age was 47.5±9.1 years).

Both groups were subdivided into nonsmoker and smoker groups.

Both groups were matched for age, sex and smoking percentage.

All members of the study were subjected to: Thorough medical history and clinical examination, assay of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, glycohemoglobin, insulin and cICAM-1 and urinary albumin excretion rate (AER).

RESULS: The BMI (p<0.05) and the FPG, insulin, HbAlc, and triglycerides were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects compared to the control group (p<0.001).

The cICAM-1 concentrations were highly significantly elevated in the diabetic group compared to the control group (303±99 Vs 229±5 5 ng/ml, p<0.001).

The cl CAM-1 concentrations were significantly elevated in the smoker diabetic subjects compared to the nonsmoker diabetic subjects (323±71 Vs 285±43 ng/ml, p<0.01).

The cl CAM-1 concentrations were significantly elevated in the smoker diabetic subjects and nonsmoker diabetic subjects compared to the control group (323±71 and 285±43 Vs 229±55 ng/ml, p<0.001).

There was a significant correlation between cICAM-1 and fasting plasma glucose, HbAlc and fasting insulin.

CONCLUSION: There is an increased level of cICAM-1 in normoalbuminuric types 2 diabetic patients.

Furthermore, cigarette smoking has an additional deleterious effect on the level of cICAM-1, which supports the importance of promoting smoking cessation and discouraging the initiation of smoking in people with type 2 diabetes.