The On-Freezing Phenomenon : Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects

الملخص EN

Freezing of gait is a warning sign of Parkinson's disease.

One could distinguish off-freezing, which is associated with dopaminergic therapy and to its titration, and it is clinically related to wearing-off phenomenon.

Differently, the on-freezing phenomenon seems to be related to a neural disruption of the frontal-parietal-basal ganglia-pontine projections; clinically, it does not respond to therapy modifications or to different drug titration.

In a group of patients with on-freezing, we have detected an alteration of focusing attention, an impairment of set-shifting, in addition to poor abstract reasoning and a reduction of planning.

These aspects have been even more evident, when compared with the results obtained by a group of PD patients, without freezing.