تكلفة و عائد التعليم و الفرصة البديلة

الملخص EN

wages for both individuals and groups.

On the contrary increasing demand for higher education by persons who have little interest in academic education would increase the cost of education and lead to wage reduction among university graduates.

Alternatively; the existence of different specialization and the rise in the number of people with little interest in academic education to enter the labour market would have positive results on individual and groups.

For example, the study hypothesized that the Sudanese Certificate guaranteed more income than university graduates at the current wages and education systems, which has limited specialization.

A mathematical model had been developed to prove the validity of the above- mentioned hypothesis.

The model built- as a case study- to evaluate the retune on investment in education versus investment in other disciplines.

The model showed that the opportunity cost return of those graduates with Sudanese Certificate exceeds the return of their university graduates counterparts.

The study main recommendations call for introducing more options in primary education; besides encouraging people (16 years of age and above) who have little interest in academic education for other alternatives and opportunities.