Biosystematics of four species of euphorbia l. grown in Baghdad University campus-Jadiriyah

العناوين الأخرى

التصنيف الحياتي لأربعة أنواع من الجنس .Euphorbia L النامية في مجمع جامعة بغداد-الجادرية

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

Zokia, Silva A. Yaqub

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

al-Jabburi, Abd al-Jasim Muhaysin

الجامعة

جامعة بغداد

الكلية

كلية العلوم

القسم الأكاديمي

قسم علوم الحياة

دولة الجامعة

العراق

الدرجة العلمية

دكتوراه

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2011

الملخص الإنجليزي

The present study has dealt with many biosystematic aspects for four species of Euphorbia L.

grown in University of Baghdad campus-Jadiriyah.

The species were compared to the adoption of field and herbarium specimens.

A detailed morphological study of the stems, leaves, cyathia and seeds is presented, and revealed several interesting taxonomic characteristics, some of which have not previously been studied in Iraq.

The Presence of petiole, stipules and trichomes are important taxonomic characteristics for stems and leaves.

The largest leaf size recorded in E.helioscopia L.

and the smallest in E.granulata Forssk..

Also the cyathium reveals obvious characteristics in all the species studied.

The taxonomic value of the seeds are clearly recognized.

The largest seed diameter recorded in E.helioscopia and the smallest in E.hirta L..

Also, Seeds have different colors and distinct configurations.

The presence and type of caruncle have taxonomic importance too, E.helioscopia and E.peplus L.

have white sessile caruncle, while E.granulata and E.hirta are ecarunculate.

Anatomical studies reveals constant taxonomical characteristics such as in the stems, the chlorenchyma of E.granulata and E.hirta constitute the whole cortex of the stems, but with three outer rows in E.peplus, in time that the cortex of E.helioscopia lack chloroplast and presence of distinct wavy central cylinder in E.granulata.

Leaf anatomy was strongly supported in species segregation, so that mesophyll is differentiated into palisade layer and spongy layer in E.granulata and E.hirta, but it is undifferentiated in E.helioscopia and E.peplus.

Leaf pattern of epidermal cells and presence of trichomes are significant constant characteristics in species studied.

From an environmental perspective has been studying the habitat and the distribution of the herbarium species in Iraq and at the University of Baghdad Campus, and a map was prepared for distributions of the four species on the provinces.

E.helioscopia showed a wider range of distribution, while E.hirta showed such confined distribution.

The chief interest focus in those species that inhabit very dry places and have consequently a xerophytic habit.

E.helioscopia, E.peplus and E.hirta are annual herbs, whereas E.granulata is perennial herbs and they are mostly distributed in desert and alluvial plane region of Iraq.

From chemical and genetic perspective there were studies to perform a protein electrophoresis using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the total protein extracted from dry seeds of species studied.

The total number of protein bands were (9 and 10) bands, with molecular weight ranged between (10.00-93.32)KDa.

The banding pattern reveals great significance in understanding the relationships among species.

Also there was an attempt to identify the four species of Euphorbia and find the genetic polymorphism among them by using DNA markers in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique.

Total genomic DNA of species studied was extracted from dry seeds by using commercial kit.

Molecular analysis was performed by using nine random markers in Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique.

RAPD-PCR analyses based on three primers A13, C05 and D20) that gave results in term of amplification and polymorphisim for the four species studied.

The genetic polymorphisms value of each primer was determined and ranged between (47-84%), primer A13 produced the highest percent of genetic polymorphism compared with primer C05.

(RAPD-PCR) technique confirm the isolation of the four species of Euphorbia obviously.

To complete the molecular studies on the species there was an attempt to investigate the response of the species for callus induction on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxin hormone 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) by using nodule and leaf explants incubated in dark and light conditions.

E.hirta achieved the highest response for callus induction reached (75-100) % , whereas E.helioscopia achieved the lowest response for callus induction reached (25-50) %.

Additionally E.peplus nodule explants incubated in dark and E.hirta nodule explants incubated in light achieved the highest callus production compared with the other species studied.

These differences give more confirm to morphological, anatomical and molecular characteristics, and can be used as a secondary supported characteristics used in distinction and identification of Euphorbia species.

التخصصات الرئيسية

الأحياء

الموضوعات

• علم الأحياء
• العراق
• التصنيف(المكتبات)

عدد الصفحات

174

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-598668