Studying some physical, chemical, bacteriological characteristics, and genetic diversity of beta lactamase producing E. coli of the sewage from Erbil City

العناوين الأخرى

دراسة بعض الخواص الفيزيائية و الكيميائية و البكتريولوجية و المنتجة لأنزيمات بيتا لاكتاميز من التنوع الوراثي لبكتريا E. coli مياه الصرف الصحي في مدينة أربيل

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

Aziz, Rana Jabburi

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

al-Zubaydi, Fawzi Shanawah
al-Mathkhuri, Harith Jabbar Fahd

أعضاء اللجنة

Yasin, Kazim Hashim
al-Qazzaz, Abd al-Karim A.
Fulayyih, Mayy Talib
Rashid, Khalid Abbas
al-Azzawi, Muhammad Nafi Ali

الجامعة

جامعة بغداد

الكلية

كلية العلوم

القسم الأكاديمي

قسم علوم الحياة

دولة الجامعة

العراق

الدرجة العلمية

دكتوراه

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2013

الملخص الإنجليزي

Three hospitals were chosen in the present survey in Erbil city.

Water samples were collected monthly from January 2012 to December2012.

pH of all the studied sites were found to lie in the alkaline side.

In current study, range of electrical conductivity were reported in sewage water of different hospitals (1318-1790 μs.cm-1 in Maternity Hospital, 1770-2232 μs.cm-1in Raperin Hospital, Hospital, 1010-1615μs.cm-1 Rhizgari Hospital).

Dissolved oxygen concentration has been often low, and fell below detectable limits in summer and increased towards winter.

The range of Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand values were 22- 80 mg.L1 and 280- 1410 mg.L-1 respectively, this indicated a high pollution situation in the studied sites in respect to organic matter content.

The quantitative analysis of counting microorganisms was more than that describe by the WHO guideline standard.

The qualitative analysis of Gram negative microorganisms was done using selective medium and biochemical tests and the isolated bacteria from studied hospitals were Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter lowffii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxilla spp., Salmonella Typhi, Citrbtobacter freundii, Vibrio fluvials, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Weeksella zoohelcum, Pasteurella multicida and Pseudomonas aeroginosa.

E.

coli isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

The in vitro activities of 10 different antibiotics against the isolated E.

coli were showed a high resistance rate observed against ampicillin (80%) while the lowest resistance was to pipercillin/ tazobactam (22%).

A high proportion of the E.

coli isolates from the three hospitals revealed resistance to more than one antibiotic.

This study was also performed to assess the prevalence and genotypes of extended spectrum β -lactamases (ESBLs) in E.

coli .A confirmatory testing II for ESBLs production was yielded a 43 % producing E.

coli isolates were identified as ESBL positive from the all isolates that isolated from hospitals effluents.

The study was undertaken to characterize ESBL producers among Escherichia coli and by PCR in three multiplex PCR and one simple PCR.

That carried out on isolates extracted DNA and detected that the blaCTX-M (CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15) and blaTEM genes were predominant group of the results.

Nevertheless, blaIMP, blaVIM blaPER1, blaPER2, blaSHV and blaOXA-1 were not detected in all E.

coli isolates.

Noticeably, 2 isolates showed negative ESBL test; nevertheless, they harboured blaTEM gene.

The result of multiplex II (CTX-M group 1, group 2 and group 9 beta lactamases) revealed that the blaCTX-M genes were presented in16 isolates (18.6%) of all E.

coli isolates and 43.2% out of ESBL isolates).

Markedly, CTX-M group 1 comprised 16 isolates; whereas group 9 constituted 15 isolates.

What’s more, 3 non ESBL isolates were found to harbour blaCTX-M genes (group 1 and group 9).

The results of present work demonstrated that most of the blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-14 E.

coli isolates (87.5%) developed high MICs of cefotaxime (= >4μg/ml) and ceftazidime (= >16μg/ml).

The ESBL variant (CTX-M group 1 and 9) and TEM variant were detected in the effluent of the three hospitals, and 20% of E.

coli isolates were amplified with both blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes.

In this study repetitive extragenic palindrome PCR (REP-PCR) was used for the analysis of genetic diversity among isolated E.

coli from patients and hospitals effluents in Erbil city.

The analysis of the isolates with REP-PCR yielded 2 to 18 bands.

REP-PCR patterns of E.

coli isolates separated into forty five clusters with 88% similarity.

Although a small number of clinical isolates were grouped among the predominantly environmental clusters by REP-PCR, effluent isolates RZH32 produced blaCTX-M (CTX-M-14 and CTXIII M-15) and blaTEM genes with RH28 (produced blaCTX-M (CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15) whose belonged to cluster 45 were about 74% similar with clinical isolate H3 (produced blaCTX-M (CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15) and blaTEM genes which obtained from urine samples from Rhizgari hospital and belonged to cluster 43.

According to WHO, Erbil hospitals wastewater was considered as bad to medium type or poor type.

High densities of microorganisms and faecal contamination were detected that showed the risk of using Erbil wastewater for unrestricted irrigation This study demonstrated that discharge of the hospitals wastewater directly without any treatment process to remove bacteria led to harbour antibiotic resistance and increase survival of specific bacteria that carry multiresistant genes, such as blaCTX-M (CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15) and blaTEM genes- producing E.

coli, and increase the risk of transmitting clinically important antibiotic-resistant strains into the environment through municipal wastewater.

التخصصات الرئيسية

الأحياء

الموضوعات

• علم الأحياء الدقيقة
• الصرف الصحي
• مياه الصرف الصحي
• العراق
• أربيل

عدد الصفحات

148

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-598861