Spectrophotometric-flow injection analysis of vancomycin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations

العناوين الأخرى

التحليل بالحقن الجرياني-الطيفي للفانكومايسين هيدروكلورايد في المستحضرات الصيدلانية

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

Yusu, Fadi Jinan

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

al-Abaji, Muayyad Qasim Yasin

أعضاء اللجنة

Turkey, Nagam S.
Abid, Sadim S.
Dhabab, Jamil Musa

الجامعة

جامعة بغداد

الكلية

كلية العلوم

القسم الأكاديمي

قسم الكيمياء

دولة الجامعة

العراق

الدرجة العلمية

ماجستير

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2014

الملخص الإنجليزي

This thesis includes four main chapters: included a general introduction about antibiotics, glycopeptide antibiotics, and the studied vancomycin hydrochloride (VHC) drug with a review of the analytical methods, described in the literature for vancomycin determination, both in biological samples and in pharmaceutical products.

It also included a general introduction about flow injection analysis (FIA), and solid-phase reactors (SPR) coupled in flow injection system, with review of their kinds and applications in pharmaceutical analysis.

Finally, the chapter included the aim of the present work.

included a general introduction about metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCH) and diazotization-coupling reactions.

It also included a display for two new spectrophotometric methods by using the batch system and flow injection analysis (FIA) for determination of VHC in pharmaceutical preparations.

Two methods were developed based on the diazotization - coupling reaction of VHC with diazotized metoclopramide hydrochloride as a new coupling reagent in the presence of sodium hydroxide as alkaline medium to form a yellowish - orange water soluble product with maximum absorbance at 451 nm.

The reaction conditions (chemical and physical parameters) were studied and optimized for both batch and FIA procedures.

For batch procedure, the linear range for the determination of VHC was 0.5 - 100 μg mL-1 and the limits of detection and quantification values were 0.230 and 0.768 μg mL-1 respectively.

Whereas, for FIA procedure, the linear range was 1 – 550 μg mL-1 and the limits of detection and quantification values were 0.419 and 1.397 μg mL-1, respectively.

The sample through put was 128 h-1 for FIA procedure.

The stoichiometry of the formed product was studied adopting mole ratio and Abstract Chapter One Chapter Two II continuous variation methods and it was found 1: 1 (reagent: drug).

The stability constant of the formed product was studied and it was found 1.629 × 106 L mol-1 The batch and FI spectrophotometric methods have been applied successfully for the determination of VHC in pharmaceutical preparations.

A statistical comparison of these results with those obtained by the British pharmacopoeia (BP) procedure using the student t-test and variance ratio F-test shows a good agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision at the 95% confidence level.

The chapter also included the conclusion of the proposed methods and simple comparison between the proposed procedures and other spectrophotometric or FIA methods in literature.

included a general introduction about 2,4- Dinitrophenylhydrizine (DNPH) and oxidative - coupling reactions.

It also included a display for three new spectrophotometric methods by using batch system, normal flow injection analysis (nFIA) and reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) for determination of VHC in pharmaceutical preparations.

These methods were developed based on the oxidative - coupling reaction of VHC with DNPH as a chromogenic reagent and sodium periodate as an oxidant agent in the presence of sodium hydroxide as alkaline medium to form a yellowish - orange water soluble product with maximum absorbance at 461 nm.

The reaction conditions (chemical and physical parameters) were studied and optimized for batch, nFIA and rFIA procedures.

For batch procedure, the linear range for the determination of VHC was 1 - 40 μg mL-1 and the limits of detection and quantification values were 0.537 and 1.792μg mL-1, respectively.

Whereas, for FIA procedures, the linear ranges were 0.5 – 120 and 0.5 - 150 μg mL-1, the limits of detection values were 0.273 and 0.233 μg mL-1, and the limits of quantification values were 0.913 and 0.778 μg mL-1 for normal and reverse FIA respectively.

The samples through put were 124 and 120 h-1 for normal and Chapter Three III reverse FIA respectively.

The stoichiometry of the formed product was studied adopting mole ratio and continuous variation methods and it was found 1: 1 (reagent: drug).

The stability constant of the formed product was studied and it was found 6.765 x 105 L mol-1.

The batch, normal and reverse FIA spectrophotometric methods have been applied successfully for the determination of VHC in pharmaceutical preparations.

A statistical comparison of these results with those obtained by the British pharmacopoeia (BP) procedure using the student t-test and variance ratio F-test shows a good agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision at the 95% confidence level.

The chapter also included the conclusion of the proposed methods and simple comparison between the proposed procedures and other spectrophotometric or FIA methods in literature.

included a display for new reverse flow injection analysis - spectrophotometric method for determining of VHC in pharmaceutical formulations using a solid - phase reactor containing 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrizine (DNPH) particles without using auxiliary inert support.

This method is based on the oxidation of the DNPH reagent by sodium periodate producing diazonium compound, which is then coupling with VHC in sodium hydroxide medium to form a yellowish - orange water soluble product with maximum absorbance at 461 nm .

The variables of the solid-phase reactor like particles size, particles weight and length of the reactor were optimized and also all the chemical and physical parameters of rFIA method were studied and optimized.

The linear range for the determination of VHC was 10 - 250 μg mL-1 and the limits of detection and quantification values were 3.632 and 12.109 μgmL-1, respectively.

The sample through put was 40 h-1 and the lifetime of solid-phase reactor gave reproducible results at least 80 times with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%.

The rFIA spectrophotometric method coupled with solid-phase reactor Chapter Four IV had been applied successfully for the determination of VHC in pharmaceutical preparations.

A statistical comparison of these results with those obtained by the British pharmacopoeia (BP) procedure using the student t-test and variance ratio F-test shows a good agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision at the 95% confidence level.

The chapter also included the conclusion of the proposed method.

التخصصات الرئيسية

الكيمياء

عدد الصفحات

165

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-599790