Qualitative, quantitative and radiological assessment of marl layer in the Euphrates formation for Portland cement industry in Kufa Cement Quarry at Al-Najaf Governorate

العناوين الأخرى

تقييم كمي و نوعي و إشعاعي لطبقة المارل في تكوين الفرات لصناعة السمنت البورتلاندي في مقلع سمنت الكوفة في محافظة النجف

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

al-Uwaidi, Muhannad Rasim Abbas

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

Awad, Salih Muhammad
Ali, Kamal Karim

أعضاء اللجنة

al-Khafaji, Abd al-Sattar J.
Ali, Fayizah Abd al-Qadir
al-Dabbas, Mutazz Abd al-Sattar Muhammad

الجامعة

جامعة بغداد

الكلية

كلية العلوم

القسم الأكاديمي

قسم علوم الأرض

دولة الجامعة

العراق

الدرجة العلمية

ماجستير

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2013

الملخص الإنجليزي

This Research involves qualitative, quantitative and radiological studies to assess the marl layer in the Euphrates Formation (Lower Miocene) as a raw material for Portland cement industry.

The study area is located within the quarry of the Kufa Cement Plant in the Bahr Al- Najaf, which locates 26 km to the southwest of Al-Najaf city.

Samples are collected from the marl layer and adjacent exposures.

The mineralogical study using XRD shows that the mineral composition of the marl layer consists of non-clay and clay minerals.

The non- clay minerals are calcite a dominant mineral, followed by quartz, and a little amount of dolomite.

Clay minerals are represented by montmorillonite, a prevailing mineral, and then followed by palygorskite and kaolinite.

The geochemical study shows that the percentages of oxides in the marl layer are: CaO (37.81), SiO2 (17.88), Al2O3 (4.24), Fe2O3 (2.79), MgO (1.79), SO3 (0.35), K2O (0.73), Na2O (0.06), P2O5 (0.14), TiO2 (0.27) in addition to Cl- (0.02) and the traces in ppm are Sr (273) and Mn (279).

Most of the oxides are within the standard quality guideline of the raw mix coming into the kiln, except for the concentration of calcium oxide (CaO) which is low, and a slight increase in the amount of silica (SiO2).

For the purpose of obtaining a mixture of standard specifications for clinker industry, the decrease and increase in the amount of raw materials must be treated.

For this reason, calculations relating to the design of the raw mix that go into the kiln have been made.

These calculations showed that the marl should be mixed with 22% limestone of high calcium oxide (CaO) available in the areas adjacent to the quarry.

During preparing the raw mix based on the appropriate oxide ratios for feeding the kiln, it is necessary to calculate the parameters affecting the clinker production, the results of these parameters are: Lime Saturation Factor, Silica Factor, Alumina Factor, hydraulic Factor, Silica Saturation Factor and the ratio of Lime to Silica Ration.

These results indicate that these parameters are within the limit of standard specifications, and capable of producing a high-quality cement.

Clinker is produced by burning two samples of the raw mix at 1450˚C for 220 minutes.

Then, the produced clinker is tested by XRD which confirmed that clinker contains the essential compounds (C3S, C2S, C3A and C4AF).

The formation of these compounds in the clinker is an evidence of the success of the manufacturing method of the Portland cement.

The reserve is estimated using several methods (Triangles and polygons, graphical, VIII geographic coordinates, geographic information systems (GIS) and the Boldyrev method), showed the reserve is a proved reserve of approximately 53 million tons which can be increased in future.

This reserve is enough to operate a cement plant with a capacity of 1.5 million tons / year for a period exceeding 26 years.

Radiological study of the quarry using a scintillation counter is made to record the radiation levels and ensure the worker safety in the quarry.

The results are within the normal background radiation.

Radioactivity measurement is conducted on marl samples for assessing the marl layer in terms of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for.

Results obtained (14.91, 5.16 and 223.98 Bq/kg, respectively) indicate that the radiation doesn't exceed the globally permissible limits.

The radiation level is also examined in clinker and cement samples prepared from raw materials, to assess its impact on the consumer.

The results of the radiological measurements in clinker are 226Ra=31.18, 232Th = 7.6 and 40K= 91.5 Bq/kg, while in cement are 226Ra=35.55, 232Th=7.42 and 40K=110.18 Bq / kg.

Advantages that encourage investing the marl layer as cement raw material is the low hardness which help its extraction by hydraulic excavators, without need for the use of explosives.

The lack of overburden in 72% of the total area of the quarry with very low of the stripping ratio (up to 0.033), its exposure on the surface, and the proximity to area of transport routes facilitates the movement of workers and equipment.

التخصصات الرئيسية

علوم الأرض و المياه و البيئة

الموضوعات

• الجيولوجيا
• العراق

عدد الصفحات

136

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-609058