آفاق ثورة التقانات الحيوية و تأثيراتها على مستقبل حضارة الإنسان و على الصحة و الزراعة و الصناعة

الملخص EN

The scientific advance in biochemistry and microbiology has led to the emerging of newest fields in science known as biotechnology.

Biotechnology began after the development of genetic engineering that allowed the manipulation of genetic material of living cells to produce genetically modified organisms (GMO).

Genetic engineering technique is a multistage process includes isolation of the genes of interest, incorporation of these genes into a vector, transfer of the vector to the organism to be modified and selection of GMO.

GMO make possible the production of new substances or functions such as antibiotics, biofuel, commercial chemicals, food and elimination of wastes.

Besides the DNA cloning, biotechnology also involves reproductive and therapeutic cloning.

Therapeutic cloning is the production of embryonic stem cells for replacing or repairing damaged tissues or organs.

Reproductive cloning is the production of genetically identical individuals.

Biotechnology is growing so fast that its applications have influenced every aspects of our life.

This fascinating scientific development has motivated several countries to set strategic plans for getting the best out of biotechnology in ensuring food security, improving health and elimination of the hazardous wastes.