Acquired philadelphia chromosome with transformed myelodysplastic syndrome

الملخص EN

Transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) frequently occurs in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and genetic evolution probably plays a critical role in this transformation.

However, late appearance of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome during the course of transformed MDS is extremely rare.

We report a 77-year-old man with transformed MDS and an acquired Ph chromosome.

He was initially diagnosed with refractory anemia with 45,XY,del(5)(q?),-7,-14,-17,+mar1,+mar2 [7/20] as the major clone.

After 4 months, hematological studies showed progression of anemia with increased number of blast cells.

Conventional chromosome analysis revealed 45,XY,del(5)(q?),-7, t(9;22)(q34;q11.2),-14,-17,+mar1,+mar2 [20/20], a subclone with an acquired Ph chromosome derived from a stem clone observed at MDS diagnosis.

RT-PCR results were positive for major BCRABL transcript.

Although a comparison of whole-genome sequences between original and transformed clones would be informative, the acquired Ph chromosome probably played a role as a “class-I mutation,” which increases cell proliferation in transformed MDS.