Study of immunological response to early and late stages of hydatid cyst formation

الملخص EN

Background : Hydatid disease is a parasitic helminthes which triggers an immune response that was regulated by cytokines.

Aim of study: to investigate Th1 and Th2 cytokines production , eosinophil cationic protein gene expression and IgG subclasses in different stages of hydatid disease to evaluate their implication and interplay in the evolution of pathology, as a tool for clinical decision and future vaccine preparation.Material and Methods : A total number of 42 patients with Hydatid cyst which was confirmed by finding from those patients who consulted Baghdad Medical City Teaching Hospital at April-December, 2006 was enrolled in this study.

Ten ml venous blood was taken for assessment of Th1 (IL2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL4, IL5 and IL10) by ELISA method , eosinophil cationic protein gene expression by PCR technique and IgG subclasses(IgG1 and IgG4) by Radial Immunodiffusion Method in relation to different stages of Hydatid cyst.

Results: The commonest radiological finding was the late active hydatid cyst (71.42 %), followed by (16.67 %) and (11.91 %) for late inactive and early hydatid cyst respectively.

The mean ECP gene expression was (33.45± 4.89) in late active hydatid cyst while it was (12.87 ± 1.43; 6.08 ± 1.13) for early and late inactive hydatid cyst formation respectively.

The Th1 cytokines which include mean IL2 was (32.53 ± 3.03; 21.12 ± 4.41;12.9 ± 2.11) and mean IFN-γ was (7.9 1.2; 4.2 ± 1.98; 9.62 ± 1.10) , while the Th2 cytokine which include meanIL4 (39.3±2.90; 148.62 ± 12.81; 42.4 ± 3.44), ;IL5 was(49.63 ± 5.38; 128.83±13.6; 47.51 ± 4.23), IL10 was (30.34±3.77; 178.11±27.05; 21.36±5.91) and the IgG subclass IgG1 was (930.14±44.26 ;1885±87.7;902.17 ±70.8) while the IgG4 (61.6±4.97 ; 144.38 ± 20.25;59.52 ± 3.41) for early, late active and late inactive hydatid cyst respectively with statistical significant value (P value< 0.05).

Conclusions: There was Th1 cell activity in early hydatid cyst , Th2 cell activity in late active hydatid cyst and both Th1 and Th2 cell activity in late inactive hydatid cyst with marked ECP gene expression in early and late active hydatid cyst formation in comparison to those of late inactive hydatid cyst formation.

IgG1 and IgG4 were hydatid cyst stage dependent and had interleukin 4,5 and 10 correlation and might be used as good laboratory markers to indicate the status of infection