Effect of biotic factors stresses on vinblastine and vincristine production from callus of Catharanthus roseus

الملخص EN

This experiment was conducted in collage of Science labs, Kufa University, carried out during 2013-2014 to study many experiments inducing callus tissues from leaves (Catharanthus roseus L) in vitro using MS medium supplemented with Dichlorophenoxiactic acid (2,4-D) at different concentration (0.5, 1, 1.5) mg/L with the interaction of (BA) benzyl adenine at concentrations of (0.5, 1, 1.5) mg/L to obtain the optimum combination for callus induction which then use it in the following experiments and investigate the effect of biotic factors (fungi ,yeast and bacteria) on vinblastine and vincristine production from callus tissue , and leaves of mother plant.

This study include determination the catalase activity , and total proline as responsible to the variety of the stresses in callus as well as quantities and qualities determination of vinblastine and vincristine TLC(Thin layer chromatography and HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography) .Finally, comparison study were made between in vitro and in vivo grown plant .

Results in this study revealed that the highest fresh weight of callus was for (1mg/L 2,4-D + 1mg/L BA ) combination treatment .Also, Results showed an increasing in proline content as responsible to biotic factors .The highest value was for yeast extract agar treatment 2g / L .However, The highest catalase enzyme activity was for Trichoderma harzianum treatment ; Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria ,followed by Yeast extract agar treatment with significant different compared with control treatment.

The result showed a significant increasing (P< 0.05) of these alkaloids production and the superiority of vinblastine and vincristine content in Callus than the content in leaves of mother plant.