الموقف الاستشراقي من خلافة أبي بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه و أثرها في ظهور الشيعية : دراسة تحليلية

الملخص EN

This search follows the Oriental points of view about the appearance of the Sects, browsing the opinion that the Sects appeared after the death of the Prophet Mohammad "Peace Be Upon Him" and the diversity between the Prophet's Followers ((Sahaba)) "May God Bless Them" on who will be the Caliph, was the main reason of appearing the Sects.

These oriental opinions adopted the point of view of the Sects, who stabbed in the justice of the Prophet's followers, and misdoubting in the right of Abi Bakr to be the Caliph of Muslims.

This search is divided into three chapters.

The first chapter is discussing the attitude of the Orientals towards the choice of Abi Bakr Al Seddeeq "May God Bless him" as a Caliph of the Muslims, and it's Effect on The Appearance of the Sects ((Sheaa)), from the Sects point of view.

The second chapter is discussing the oriental view towards the attitude of Ali Bin Abi Talib "May God Bless him" of electing Abi Bakr Al Seddeeq "May God Bless him" as a Caliph of the Muslims, and it's Effect on The Appearance of the Sects ((Sheaa)), from the Orientalism point of view.

The third chapter is discussing the Orientalism attitude towards the text that affirms the rightness of Ali Bin Abi Talib "May God Bless him" and it's Effect on The Appearance of the Sects ((Sheaa)), from the Orientalism point of view.

As an Analytic Study, The search comes to some results.

The most important one is: the Orientals followed the opinions of the exaggerator of the Sects who stabbed in the justice of the Prophet's Followers "May God Bless them".

Because, the sources of the Sects were their main references.

Some of the Orientals stabbed in Islam using the opinions of the exaggerator of the Sects.

During the discussion of the Orientalism Attitude in the search, we came to some important results: what the Orientals claimed about the Prophet's Followers "May God Bless them", and about electing Abi Bakr Al Seddeeq "May God Bless him" as a Caliph of the Muslims is invalid.

And what they claimed about the attitude of Ali Bin Abi Talib "May God Bless him" of electing Abi Bakr Al Seddeeq "May God Bless him" as a Caliph of the Muslims is invalid, too.

Besides, the text they adopted to affirms the rightness of Ali Bin Abi Talib "May God Bless him" as a Caliph of the Muslims is weak.

And the relationship between the Caliphate of Abi Bakr Al Seddeeq "May God Bless him", and the appearance of the Sects is invalid.

Because the name of the Sects wasn't mentioned during the period of the Four Caliphs "May God Bless them".