الكوارث الطبيعية و البشرية في الأندلس في القرن الخامس الهجري الحادي عشر الميلادي

الملخص EN

Al-Andalus was exposed to several natural and man made disasters .

The man made disasters were common and more effective, these disasters started with the advent of the century (i.e.

eleventh) until its final years, the Andalusian cities in the center , the south, the east , and the north , were exposed to such disaster, some of the cities were also exposed to natural disaster and man made disaster at the same time .

the duration of such disaster differed the causes of natural disaster are floods, aridity, famine, epidemics and agricultural blights.

The man made disaster and catastrophes are the result of power struggle, the sieges of cities and towns, the conflicts among the tawa,ifs king.

The alliances with Christian raids on the Muslim territories, the catastrophes resulted in political, economic, social and architectural upheavals Al-Andalus and its populations.