حملة تيمورلنك على بلاد الشام 803 هـ 1401 م

العناوين الأخرى

The campaign of Timurlane against Bilad al-Sham (803 A. H 1401 A. C)‎

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

القاضي، الاء جاد الله نبهان شاهين

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

بركات، عامر

أعضاء اللجنة

الجعبة، نظمي
سرور، موسى

الجامعة

جامعة بيرزيت

الكلية

كلية الآداب

القسم الأكاديمي

دائرة التاريخ و الآثار

دولة الجامعة

فلسطين (الضفة الغربية)

الدرجة العلمية

ماجستير

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2016

الملخص العربي

This study highlights the course of Timur lane Campaign on Bilad Al- Sham (803 Hijri/1401 AD), providing that before Timur lane attack, Bilad Al-Sham has witnessed a long period of diplomatic contacts between Timur lane and the Mamluk State, which began in the reign of the Mamluk Sultan Barquq, and continued until the reign of his son, Al Nasser Faraj (801-815 Hijri) — (1393/1405 AD).

The contacts continued between both states until after the end of Timur lane campaign on Bilad Al-Sham.

The study focuses on attempting to understand the attitude of Sultan Al Zahir Barquq (784-801 Hijri)/ (1382-1399 AD), and Sultan Al Nasser Faraj (801-815 Hijri)/ (1399-1412 AD) who ruled after him, to rescue Bilad Al-Sham and Damascus City at the time when the Mamluk State was witnessing internal commotions between princes and deputies in an attempt to weaken the Mamluk Sultanate and obtain political gains, in addition to the acts of Timur lane during the period of his invasion against Bilad Al-Sham and the disruption of public life he caused, as well as the massacres, exile, and destruction caused to the population, their houses, commercial shops, mosques, and schools, whether in Bilad Al-Sham or Damascus City, and the reason of retreating despite handing over the city.

The problem of the study is represented in addressing the reasons why Timur lane did not complete his plan in eradicating the Mamluk State in Bilad Al-Sham, despite the fact that he has militarily succeeded.

The study suggests three assumptions to reply to this.

The first assumption is the policy and strategy of Timur lane based on invasion, despoliation, and destruction and then retreating.

The second assumption is the fact that Timur lane wanted to weaken the Mamluk State only.

Whereas the third assumption is the question "Does retreating refer to the stand of some deputies and princes who insisted to resist and defend Bilad Al-Sham, or there are internal reasons related to his state conditions?" To achieve this objective, the researcher has used more than one methodology in this study.

Starting with the narrative historical approach used to follow up with the Timorese campaign developments on Bilad Al-Sham.

Then, the analytical historical approach used to highlight the historical narratives related to Timur lane campaign on Bilad Al-Sham, and to analyze the stand of the Mamluk Authority, and the scientists' role in resisting the campaign, as well as the course of the campaign within Bilad Al- Sham reaching Damascus City.

The study is comprised of three chapters followed by the conclusion.

The first chapter, titled "The Mongols", is a brief overview on the Mongol tribes, the relation existing between the Mongols and the Turks, the social, economic, and political Mongols systems, the role of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Leader, in unifying the Mongols under one empire and one law and in the end, the settlement of the Mongols in Bilad Al-Sham during the reign of the first Mamluk State.

Whereas the second chapter titled "Timur lane and the Second Mamluk State", addresses Timur lane himself in terms of his name, lineage, and personality, the relation between Timur lane and Sultan Barquq, as well as his son, Sultan Al Nasser Faraj after him.

While the third chapter, titled "Timur lane Campaign on Damascus", addresses Timur lane campaigns against Bilad Al-Sham, Damascus siege and fall at the hands of Timur lane, the relation between the Mongol forces and Damascus population, the acts of Timur lane in Damascus, the reasons of Timur lane retreat from Bilad Al-Sham, as well as the end of the campaign and the relevant outcomes.

The conclusion shows the cunning, deception, and state of hostility of Timur lane against the Mamluk, his endeavors to show his contempt towards the Mamluk in every occasion, as well as murdering, and causing massacres with his army against the people of Bilad Al-Sham and Damascus, for the purpose of controlling, expanding, revenging, and punishing the Mamluk.

In addition, the conclusion addresses the disability of Sultan Faraj in defending Bilad Al-Sham due to the poor political situation in the Mamluk Sultanate, and the conflict between princes and deputies in Egypt and Bilad Al-Sham.

الملخص الإنجليزي

This study highlights the course of Timur lane Campaign on Bilad Al- Sham (803 Hijri/1401 AD), providing that before Timur lane attack, Bilad Al-Sham has witnessed a long period of diplomatic contacts between Timur lane and the Mamluk State, which began in the reign of the Mamluk Sultan Barquq, and continued until the reign of his son, Al Nasser Faraj (801-815 Hijri) — (1393/1405 AD).

The contacts continued between both states until after the end of Timur lane campaign on Bilad Al-Sham.

The study focuses on attempting to understand the attitude of Sultan Al Zahir Barquq (784-801 Hijri)/ (1382-1399 AD), and Sultan Al Nasser Faraj (801-815 Hijri)/ (1399-1412 AD) who ruled after him, to rescue Bilad Al-Sham and Damascus City at the time when the Mamluk State was witnessing internal commotions between princes and deputies in an attempt to weaken the Mamluk Sultanate and obtain political gains, in addition to the acts of Timur lane during the period of his invasion against Bilad Al-Sham and the disruption of public life he caused, as well as the massacres, exile, and destruction caused to the population, their houses, commercial shops, mosques, and schools, whether in Bilad Al-Sham or Damascus City, and the reason of retreating despite handing over the city.

The problem of the study is represented in addressing the reasons why Timur lane did not complete his plan in eradicating the Mamluk State in Bilad Al-Sham, despite the fact that he has militarily succeeded.

The study suggests three assumptions to reply to this.

The first assumption is the policy and strategy of Timur lane based on invasion, despoliation, and destruction and then retreating.

The second assumption is the fact that Timur lane wanted to weaken the Mamluk State only.

Whereas the third assumption is the question "Does retreating refer to the stand of some deputies and princes who insisted to resist and defend Bilad Al-Sham, or there are internal reasons related to his state conditions?" To achieve this objective, the researcher has used more than one methodology in this study.

Starting with the narrative historical approach used to follow up with the Timorese campaign developments on Bilad Al-Sham.

Then, the analytical historical approach used to highlight the historical narratives related to Timur lane campaign on Bilad Al-Sham, and to analyze the stand of the Mamluk Authority, and the scientists' role in resisting the campaign, as well as the course of the campaign within Bilad Al- Sham reaching Damascus City.

The study is comprised of three chapters followed by the conclusion.

The first chapter, titled "The Mongols", is a brief overview on the Mongol tribes, the relation existing between the Mongols and the Turks, the social, economic, and political Mongols systems, the role of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Leader, in unifying the Mongols under one empire and one law and in the end, the settlement of the Mongols in Bilad Al-Sham during the reign of the first Mamluk State.

Whereas the second chapter titled "Timur lane and the Second Mamluk State", addresses Timur lane himself in terms of his name, lineage, and personality, the relation between Timur lane and Sultan Barquq, as well as his son, Sultan Al Nasser Faraj after him.

While the third chapter, titled "Timur lane Campaign on Damascus", addresses Timur lane campaigns against Bilad Al-Sham, Damascus siege and fall at the hands of Timur lane, the relation between the Mongol forces and Damascus population, the acts of Timur lane in Damascus, the reasons of Timur lane retreat from Bilad Al-Sham, as well as the end of the campaign and the relevant outcomes.

The conclusion shows the cunning, deception, and state of hostility of Timur lane against the Mamluk, his endeavors to show his contempt towards the Mamluk in every occasion, as well as murdering, and causing massacres with his army against the people of Bilad Al-Sham and Damascus, for the purpose of controlling, expanding, revenging, and punishing the Mamluk.

In addition, the conclusion addresses the disability of Sultan Faraj in defending Bilad Al-Sham due to the poor political situation in the Mamluk Sultanate, and the conflict between princes and deputies in Egypt and Bilad Al-Sham.

التخصصات الرئيسية

التاريخ و الأثار

عدد الصفحات

133

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

العربية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-728301