Spin orbit interaction in atoms

العناوين الأخرى

التفاعل المداري المغزلي في الذرات

مقدم أطروحة جامعية

al-Atum, Muhammad Abd Allah al-Muhammad

مشرف أطروحة جامعية

al-Abbadi, Muhammad Amin

أعضاء اللجنة

Hijjawi, Raid Shakir Abd al-Karim
al-Shar, Muhammad Abd al-Karim
al-Ramadin, Yahya Ibrahim

الجامعة

جامعة مؤتة

الكلية

كلية العلوم

القسم الأكاديمي

قسم الفيزياء

دولة الجامعة

الأردن

الدرجة العلمية

ماجستير

تاريخ الدرجة العلمية

2015

الملخص الإنجليزي

problems for which there are no exact solutions.

but for which approximate solutions are fairly obvious.

In this study we intend to show that the motion of an electron through the electric field in an atom there is a magnetic field acting on the electron in the frame of reference which moves with the electron.

The interaction between this magnetic field and the magnetic moment of the electron causes the spin and orbital angular momenta to precess round the total angular momentum J.

as a result of sub-levels with a given value of n and L separate into two groups.

One with J = L+ (1/2) and the other with J =L – (1/2).

The changes in energy are due to the spin-orbit interaction.

Here we are concerned with the arrangement of the electrons in the ground states of the atoms For any particular atom there are many other arrangements possible.

and these will lead to possible excited states of the atom.

There are an enormous number of these, and clearly we cannot consider all of them.

for the moment we shall only be interested in the levels that arise from excitations of the outer electrons so if we study the arrangement of the electrons in the atoms we see that it consists of a number of electrons in subshells that are full plus a small number in unfilled sub-shells.it is these electrons in unfilled sub-shells which we mean when we refer to the outer electrons.

Any particular arrangement of electrons, specified by the quantum number n and L for each electrons, is called a configuration.

The arrangement corresponding to the ground state is called the ground state configuration.

The configurations we are going to consider are those in which the electrons in closed sub-shell, which we call the core, are undisturbed from the ground state configuration, and only the quantum numbers of the outer electrons are changed.

These configuration have excitation energies of a few electron volts above the ground state, and transitions between the levels resulting from these configurations are responsible for the spectral lines emitted by atoms in the visible and near ultra-violet regions.

Configurations in which one of the core electrons is excited are much higher in energy, and are responsible for X-ray spectra of the elements.

Here we are interested to show how the spin and orbital angular momentum are added together in the two cases.

we see that they correspond to different angles between the spin and the orbital angular momentum.

We will get a difference in the energy of the two jvalues if the neglected interaction is one depending on the angle between the two components of angular momenta.

i.e a spin-orbit interaction.

التخصصات الرئيسية

الفيزياء

عدد الصفحات

60

قائمة المحتويات

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

نوع البيانات

رسائل جامعية

رقم السجل

BIM-729598