الأسس النظرية لمفهوم الدولة في الفكر السياسي الإسلامي الحديث و المعاصر

الملخص EN

The relationship between the political thoughts in general and the principles and theories involving Muslims' lives and political aims in particular is a relationship of knowledge indications that take part in forming an intellectual political Islamic theory and may be numbered or differentiated depending on the nature of the bond between Sharia' and Fiqh and the concept of idea in general and the political ideology in particular، for the enriching effect it has on the political Islamic ideology.

Out of this concept، this research comes out with an introduction، three chapters، a conclusion and a list of the sources and references this research was based on.

The first chapter speaks about the concept of the state; it is divided into three topics: the first discusses the concept linguistically and similarly mentions the concept in Quran and Islamic traditions.

For that the modern meaning of the state was not mentioned directly in Quran but refers to it and points out related terms to the state، such as sultan، power، politics، governance and the emirate.

The second was on the concept of the state in the Western ideology and what's referred to as explanations to the modern state's reality that best matches its foundations while political schools have disagreed in identifying them due to the dissimilarity in the foundations that it counts on.

Down to the image of the nation-state which represents today's standard form of the state in international law and political science.

The third topic in this chapter was on explaining the establishment 133 of the state as classified into two categories namely: the nodosity theories and the non-dogmatic theories which varied depending on the identification and interpretation of the foundation behind emergence of the state، with an indication of the most important theoreticians and the similarities and differences among their proposals.

The second chapter discusses the concept of the state and its phases in the Islamic politics which was also within three topics.

The first topic includes the concept of the state in Islamic politics and what it means according to Islamic ideologists who discussed the concept in their writings and theories، whether those whom are against the political movements or the theorists in Islamic thought in different denominations.

The second topic is about the forms of the state and the Islamic policy's attitude towards it.

This was launched from two different considerations; first according to the political philosophical thought، and secondly، according to the constitutional and administrative law، with a statement of the Islamic attitude from the divisions mentioned according to its meanings and political and philosophical considerations.

Yet، the third topic illustrates the form of the state and the system of the state in accordance with the Islamic perspective، according to what scientists and scholars understand from scripts of Quran and Sunnah and the stories mentioned from ahl albait (pbut) in addition to the additional historical development that dealt with the legitimacy of the governance.

The third and last chapter talks about the theories of building the state ; they deal with legitimacy of the governance، and the foundations power's principles which varied according to the 134 religious understanding based on the opinions of scientists and ideologists.

The four theories out of them are: the theory of the mandate of solution and issues، theory of the state of the nation، the theory of the mandate of a public leader.

As far as the fourth theory، the researcher thinks that it is most realistic in the Islamic society that believes in the individual or partial mandate; it depends on the sovereignty of the people under the supervision of a religious leader directly or indirectly; to identify errors and evaluate the democratic process without taking part in executive and administrative work، and that’s because the religious leader is specialized in preaching and not in administration and excision; he rather can diagnose the administrative and executive track errors and express his opinion about it، for his general acceptability in the Muslim community، based on the preservation of public community interest.

As a conclusion، the research was to identify the most important results and highlighting the important points in the research، in the end, the sources and references are mentioned, which varied between sources in language، religion، religious quotes and interpreting what's related to Islamic ideology.

And other sources are history، law and politics for its relationship to the country's modern concept، as well as the sources that addressed the Islamic political ideology itself.

It is hoped that the research achieves its goals in identifying the concept scientifically and that it helps differentiate the true Islamic perception of the concept of the state and understand attempts of using Islam as a fake-cover for the state regardless of the branches and origins of the religion.