Individualism and cultural identity in the ancient Egyptian literature

الملخص EN

The ancient Egyptians accustomed to use the travel and individualism as a metaphor for the journey of one's life, as an expression of his individual aspirations to his pursuit of goal, whether was this representation on land or sea.

And the person, who exhibits unusual ways and deviates from the cultural path of Egyptian society, would face obstacles and serious difficulties; drowning, drifting, and fiasco, at the same time he will be tested by the gods, which unify and integrate him within the society and the Egyptian culture again, or leave him in the depths of darkness.

Therefore, this paper aims to shed light the importance of individualism and how it used as an expression for the deviation.

It also examines the relationship of the individualism with the culture, social identity, and the Egyptian self-representation.

This paper also deals with the individualism which used as term for human ambitions, and its implications.

Additionally, it sheds light on the issue of determinism, divine fates and impacts on the human orientations by one’s traveling during his life, as opposed to the human will.