الحياة الثقافية في لواء أورفه في العهد العثماني 1908-1890 : دراسة في ضوء السالنامات العثمانية

الملخص EN

Urfa was a country of Allepo province and it was made of the districts of Suruj , Berachick, the Roman castle and Harran.

It was 90 km from the center of the province.

it become center of attracting people to live in because of its important location as it was considered as the crossroad from trade .

it was boarded by Deyar Bakr in the North , Mosel in the east , Bab, Minbij, Eintab and Bazarcheck in the west Dear Al-Zor and Mardeen in the South.

As aresult, the population structure of the city was varied in that it was made of Arabs, Turks, and non- Moslems like the protestants and Catholics.

There were also foreigners because Allepo was the center of the British trade represented by Levant company that was established in 1581 and which was by itself a centre of attraction for trade.

Allepo , and Urfa in particular , witnessed an active missionary work particularly by the French Latin and the English protestants who were very influential in supporting the cultural establishments of the non-Moslem factions and who founded 12 elementary and secondary schools at that time .

as a reaction, Directorate of Education in Allepo built many schools to face the missionary policy as one of the tools to prevail foreign influence in the Ottoman empire .

Islamic (Quran) schools in Urfa played a great role to maintain loyalty to the Ottoman state and helped to confront the missionary policy that called for nationalism and loyalty to Europe to fight Islam as represented by the ottoman state .

The schools and libraries built by the Directorate of Education attracted students and prevented their going to the schools sponsored by foreign countries.

This emphasized the cultural role Urfa played in confronting missionary institutions and in preserving the identity of the Ottoman state through highlighting the danger of missionary and by creating educated people who were very loyal to the Ottoman state.