العطاء و الاستعطاء في الأدب الشيعي

الملخص EN

Every poet has his own motive for writing poems.

One of the motive is Al-Isti'tā', meaning begging for a charity, which has been common among professional poets.

These people made poetry a means of living.

On the opposite, al-Atā' (bounty) given from Beytolmal (the treasure belong to the Islamic community) was a means used by Kings as a propaganda and to satisfy their people.

However, Al-Isti'tā' earned a unique value in Shi'ite culture and literature, as the demands became a path to respect and dignity.

The discourse was then crystalized in the form of resorting to holy shrines of Ahl al-Bayt (a), seeking intercession, seeking mercy and goodness, and expressing the true virtues of Ahl al- Bayt (a).

This culminated in the consolidation of friendship and the desire for sacrifice and martyrdom.

Bounty given by Ahl al-Bayt (a), without leading to arrogant and egotistical behaviors or a means for executing false-based policies, resulted in honoring the right, commemorating man, preserving prestige, helping the oppressed, and defending the innocence.

Regarding the points, the study at first investigated the motives behind the two kinds of al-Isti'tā', providing some poems as evidence.

Then, different kinds of al-Atā', material and immaterial, have been discussed focusing on biography of the Prophet of Islam (s) and Ahl al-Bayt (a) and relying on Quran, Hadiths, and verifying poems