Surveying and description of viral diseases on vegetable crops in Duhok Governorate Kurdistan Region Iraq

الملخص EN

This study conducted to survey and determination of viral diseases occurred and distributed in the fields located in Duhok, Malta, Semel, Tanahi, and Gre-gawre of Duhok province/ Kurdistan region/ Iraq.

Surveying was done depending on the visual observation, using X pattern for each field.

Incidence of the infected plants fluctuated as the percentage of plants exhibiting virus symptoms.

The observed diseases were diagnosed biologically.

Biological test were done depending on the symptomatology test and mechanical inoculation of indicator (diagnostic) plants for each virus and the symptoms appeared on them.

Common noticed diseases in the surveyed fields were caused by potato virus Y (PVY), potato leafroll virus (PLRV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), garlic yellow streak virus (GYSV), onion mosaic virus (OMV), beet curly top virus (BCTV), malva mosaic virus (MMV) and okra mosaic virus (OkMV).

Disease incidence of these viral diseases were 75%, 20%, 10%, 3%, 75%, 10%, 15%, 70%, 21% and 3%, respectively.

So, due to diver transmission of the investigated viruses through seeds, vegetative materials, vectors, contamination and contacts, thus, farmers were recommended to use the certified seeds and vegetative propagative materials that are virus-free also, control of the vectors that enter the field to protect the crops from contamination and infection.