Comparative anatomical and histological study of the esophagus of local adult male and female homing pigeon (Columba livia domestica)‎

الملخص EN

The purpose of this study was to unveil the comparison of the macroscopic and microscopic features of the esophagus in males and females homing pigeons, 10 males and 10 females of health adult local homing pigeons of all anatomical and histological studies, the present study showed that the mean total length of the esophagus of male was longer than that of female, mean length, diameter of lumen of cervical esophagus was greater than that of thoracic esophagus in each sex.

The esophageal wall was composed of the four tunicae (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia).

Mucosa consist of epithelium formed by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria was a loose connective tissue contain mucous glands, these glands were less developed in cervical esophagus than that in thoracic esophagus of each sex and muscularis mucosa was a thick layer of longitudinal bundler of smooth muscles, mean thickness of mucosa in male was thicker than that in female, and longitudinal folds in the cervical esophagus were great deep than that in the thoracic esophagus of each sex.

Submucosa consist of thin layer of loose connective tissue, mean thickness of submucosa in male was thicker than that in female, means the thickness of mucosa and submucosa in cervical esophagus were thicker than that in thoracic esophagus of each sex.

Muscular is composed of a circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layer, mean thickness of muscularis in male was thicker than that in female and mean it thickness in thoracic esophagus was thicker than that in cervical esophagus of each sex.

Adventitia made up of loose connective tissue with blood vessels, mean thickness of adventitia in male was more than that in female and in cervical esophagus was more than that in thoracic esophagus of each sex.