حروف العطف في اللغتين الأكدية و العربية : دراسة مقارنة

الملخص EN

The current research about conjunctions in Acadian and Arabic has included the linguistic and idiomatic definition for these conjunctions, so these conjunctions have limited only on three ones in Acadian such as: (ù) that is similar to (ٌاٍُا (in Arabic which means to contribute between two subjects, joining, and attaching them, in addition to sentences and verbal and nominal phrases, then the purpose of syndesis of (ٌا (ٌis abbreviation, as well as the syndesis of (ٌا (ٌon the previous, subsequent, and attendant, also advancing and delaying between those which is sympathizing without any changing in the main meaning for the two sympathetic sentences as long as the sentence events are concurrent depending on events succession, often the conjunction (ù) is translated into (also, in addition to, additionally) without any relationship between the first with the second sentences, As well as the sentences can be correlated without (ù) as in Arabic.

Moreover (ū) in Acadian comes to mean (ٌد (in Arabic which denotes changing between one of the joined or option, the reason of scarcity using of (ū) belongs to its confusing with (ù), leading to make the text is ambiguous.

Furthermore (ū) may be not find in ancient Acadian and Hamouraby law (Ancient Babylon), even (ū) existence is not sure unless following with (lū) to become (ū lū) that come between two independent words to express the change meaning, or it may come between sentences, so by these conjunctions it could converse the meaning of two words or sentences.

Also (u lu-u lu) is coming to mean (ٌدٌ-د (according to sentence context, (lū) may be coming alone, and in the absence of (lū), so the differentiation between (ù) and (ū) is difficult without speaking context, as well as in Acadian it can correlate the phrases without conjunction (ū, ūlū), the same thing with (ٌد (in Arabic.

(lū-lū) also comes to mean (ٌد-دلي (in Arabic to make unifying phrases and single words, to come between two independent words, then (lū) comes to correlate sentences parts , and in the situation finding several words, so (ūlū) precedes the last word.

(-ma) is also another conjunction meaning (ٌا (ٌto make complex sentences and coming to mean (ثت-كُقس (or another near meanings, or may translate according to sentence context, and attaching with verbs putting at the end of any specific verbal tense, it is not necessary that the verbs to be same type, having correlation relationship in contrast to simple coordination connection with using (ù), corresponding them in Arabic ( ثتا اٌاٍُا ليءُا ,(as well as the phrases in Acadian are correlated by (-ma), thus they are not reversed, where the first phrase represents situations (conditions) which have caused the event in the second phrase, thus the first one is appositive for the second, so the focusing the main idea comes in the second phrase because the phrase if reversed then its meaning changes, when (-ma) is added to any specific verbal tense will be extended to the final short