نشاط العيون و الطلائع في الأندلس خلال عصري الإمارة و الخلافة 138-422ه-755-1031م

الملخص EN

Rulers and sultans.

everywhere and every time.

persisted in fixing props of their nations depending on a large number of spies to collect the information that would be an active device to determine the nature of the struggle between the ruling in statute and the opposition .It could sometimes be one of the most important penetration devices.

And.at other times, it could be used in discarding opponent characters , in addition to spreading rumaurs and achieving the psychological collapse of the antagonistic powers