تطور المنهج في الفكر الجغرافي الحديث

الملخص EN

The research aims to highlight the evolution of the approach in the modern geographical thought and the difficulties faced by intellectuals geographers, during which, it has been formulated lines and rules of basic geography during the modern period, so and in order to lay the foundations and rules that illustrate the geographic purview of their studies and in order to distinguishing the geographical topics from others the geographic approach witnessed Many attempts and passed many stages of distinct times from each other.

And must be praised in this regard the contributions of each of Humboldt and Ritter in determining Bending of geographical thought and geographic knowledge, the study concluded to a set of conclusions the most important of them was emergence of the geographical schools and multiple definitions of this science such as geography (aware of spatial relationships) or that (science of distributions) or being (science of spatial variation) and other definitions, and that the subject of geography Identifies in two ways were adopted as the basis for giving aid in the process of selection were they are the space (the place) and the unit (size),also the geographical approach Characterized from other scientific approaches through it is interest in spatial extension of phenomena (horizontal and vertical) and the temporal extension and by giving priority to the relative importance for the subject and that geography has made great progress after the geographical voyages periods, It also discern that geography cannot follow only one approach or a certain way in all it is natural and human branches.

It is also has been reached the formulation of laws in physical geography, but the best of what has been reached in human geography are generalizations because of the difficulty of subjecting human behavior to the laws.