البيان و التبيين في علامات التنوين

الملخص EN

T anween or Double vowels (fathatan ، dammatan ، kasratan) are signs of the form used in the Arabic language.

The position of these vowels are always put in the last letter of certain words, whether above or below, depending on the status of each vowels (قراءة ثابت شهيد .( َ It is pronounced by closing of the mouth and freeing the air out of the nose.

It is one of the innovations of Khalil bin Ahmed Faraaheedi.

The relation of double vowels with short vowels is that the former represents calligraphically a dual writing of the latter and phonetically an addition of Tanween to the sound.

Whereas with long vowels, it is done by the addition of the Alif with the Fathatan that accompany all the letters except the following: (ة، ـة، اء، أ .(However, there is no addition with dammatan or kasratan.

Double vowels are classified and symbolized as follows: 1.

fathatan |ـ ً ]an| [ـ 2.

dammatan |ـ ٌ ]on| [ـ 3.

kasratan |ـٍـ]ّ |in[ We put the following equation: Double vowels = short vowels + Tanween.

There are twenty-one (21) naming and description for Double vowels, and 24 for fathatan, dammatan and kasratan .

Double vowels are written and translated as follows: َ ان، ض َّمتَ َ ان، ك ْس َرتَان :writings Arabic Ottoman and Orthographic• َحتَ .فَتْ َ ـــان، ض ْمَمتَ َ ان، ك ْس َرتَان :transcriptions arabic phonetic and Poetic• َحتَ .فَتْ • International phonetic transcription: fathatan, dammatan, kasratan.

• English translation: fathatan, dammatan, kasratan.

• French translation: fathatan, dammatan, kesratan