نقد فلسفة "الذات" الحديثة في الفكر المعاصر : هايدغر وريكور نموذجا

الملخص EN

This paper sheds light on the philosophy of “subject” and critical examination of the philosophy of modern cogito which was established by Descartes and Kant, as recognized by many researchers and historians of philosophy.

This philosophy has set as a target putting the last foundation for a direct subjective certainty and ability to act relying on the presence of the recognizing agent without whom the world would not appear; this is due to the fact that the recognizing agent does the act of reasoning which is represented by Descartes’ statement “I think, I exist”, and Kant’s reflective subject which subjugated its topics, including the world, to subjective principles by necessity, being the self that legislates nature.

This is what the first part of the paper addresses.

The second part is about critical studies that has formed important research about the ways of constructing visions about the nature of the subject in contemporary thought.

In his study “The Age of the World Picture” about a critical view of Descartes’ cogito and metaphysics within “The Picture of the New World”, Heidegger defined man as a “subject” and the world as a “form”.

Moreover, Paul Ricoeur in his work “The Same Self as Another” introduced a new reading of the self that exceeded Descartes’ the directness of subjective consciousness and Kant’s contemplating consciousness, and that introduced an interpretation of the self as another and as an existence in the world