كيف ابتدع ابن خلدون علم العمران ؟ : الدوافع و الآليات و المصادر الأساسية

الملخص EN

Ibn Khaldun differs from his predecessors historians as he moved from the stage of a simple narration of the past events, frequently without verification, to postulate rules for History which are related to the nature of human societies and its requirements.

From this perspective, Ibn Khaldun laid the foundations of the science of Umran to be the supervisor of history science and its codification.

But the invention of a new science, without sufficient arguments, to replace the traditional rules of history, was not easy to accept from contemporary Ulama.

Thus, there was a need to legitimize this science, which led Ibn Khaldun to start from the nearest science to him, which is the Political jurisprudence as he was also a faqih and judge.

On the way to his goal, he modified some of the conditions of the Imamate to be legitimated.

This modification identify specially his understanding of the Islamic political theory at his time.

The Shawqa (military strength) concept, which is coined by Al-Juwaini three centuries before, has been replaced by the concept of Asabiya invented by Ibn Khaldun, both terms from the same field (politics) and has the same goal, which is the power configuration, and the legitimization of it.

However, Ibn Khaldun did not approve his debt to Al-Juwaini, but rather ignored it completely in his Muqadima.

In contrary, Al-Mawardi was mentioned by Ibn Khaldun though he did not address the concept of the Shawqa, as Al-Juwaini did.

Instead, Ibn Khaldun claimed that the science of Umran which inspired him.

However, the evidences and the clues showed the most likely source was especially Al-Juwaini work (Ghiathi).