Legume genomics and transcriptomics: From classic breeding to modern technologies

الملخص EN

Legumes are essential and play a significant role in maintaining food standards and augmenting physiochemical soil properties through the biological nitrogen fixation process.

Biotic and abiotic factors are the main factors limiting legume production.

Classical breeding methodologies have been explored extensively about the problem of truncated yield in legumes but have not succeeded at the desired rate.

Conventional breeding improved legume genotypes but with more resources and time.

Recently, the invention of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-throughput methods for genotyping have opened new avenues for research and developments in legume studies.

During the last decade, genome sequencing for many legume crops documented.

Sequencing and re-sequencing of important legume species have made structural variation and functional genomics conceivable.

NGS and other molecular techniques such as the development of markers; genotyping; high density genetic linkage maps; quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identification, expressed sequence tags (ESTs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); and transcription factors incorporated into existing breeding technologies have made possible the accurate and accelerated delivery of information for researchers.

The application of genome sequencing, RNA sequencing (transcriptome sequencing), and DNA sequencing (re-sequencing) provide considerable insights for legume development and improvement programs.