قراءة في أحوال العراق الاقتصادية 1831-1869

الملخص EN

Iraq was not a backward country.

Mesopotamia had seen the cradle of civilizations, and the references have pointed out to the progress of the intellectual and cultural life in Iraq.

This progress did not continue all the periods of Iraqi history which witnessed some dark ages impacted on the economic and social situations.

ITie 19th century regarded as an example for that backwardness in most aspects of social and economic life, that is the reason to choose " Reading of the Iraqi economic Situations 1831-1869) as topic of the present paper which will attempt to follow the reasons of retreating of economic organization as a result of Ottoman neglecting}