الإدارة المالية و الضرائب في مصر في عهد محمد علي باشا 1805-1848م

الملخص EN

Muhammad Ali Pasha managed to modernize Egypt and transformed it from the chaotic situation due to Mameluke reign into a more organized situation through modernizing the administration and military systems.

He built many irrigation projects and modern industries, sent students and scientific missions to Europe and built printing and established a modern Egyptian newspaper.

He expanded military domination over Hejaz, Sudan and the Levant.

This military expansion needed a financial system that can bear the economic difficulties.

The research discusses the financial policy of Muhammad Ali Pasha regarding tax and the influential changes upon the Egyptian economy, also the extent in which such an administration is in relation to Muhammad Ali Pasha’s policy in term of taxes, which were the main sources for funding his domestic projects and outer wars.

His tax policy affected the Egyptian society.

The research came to an important conclusion that in spite of the fact that Muhammad Ali Pasha being able of modernizing Egypt in Administration, economy and military fields via depending on self-efforts, but all these were on the expense of Egyptian people who were been exhausted by different types of taxes.

Also on the expense of Egyptian economy which consumed all its ability and resources.

Such policy interprets the reason behind the Egypt’s foreign debts and rising of loans in the reign of his Caliphs or successors.

The research opens the gate for the researchers in the field of history of Egyptian economy to do deeper studies on the administrative and economic policies and find the shortcomings in the economic legislations during Muhammad Ali Pasha reign and which force Egypt to borrow money from European countries and bear the hard debt conditions.