التعليم في عصر الخلفاء الراشدين مراحله و طرقه و أساليبه : دراسة تاريخية

الملخص EN

The present research aims at providing a comprehensive view of the stages, methods, techniques and objectives of education during the time period of the Rashid Caliphs (Al-Khulafaa Ar-Rashideen) using a combination of descriptive, historical and analytical approaches.

The research consists of a preface and three sections.

In the preface, the researcher presented the distinction between "teaching", "instruction" and "education" as terms that overlap with each other in meaning.

The first section is devoted to shed light on the stages of education in the time of the Rashid Caliphs, that started with the first teaching in the house and in Kuttab (a Muslim traditional school that consisted of one room), and then the second stage, which was the stage of general education in the public circular inside mosques, and the last stage of scientific specialization in specialized mosque workshops or in the houses of senior scholars.

In the second section, the researcher discussed the prevalent methods of teaching in the three stages to end up with two methods: direct education in which the Sheikh has the prime role, or indirect education in which the learner plays the crucial role.

In the third section, the researcher tackled the educational techniques that were used during that period, such as the gradual progression in education, considering the learner's situation and caring for talented and distinguished learners, while insisting on transmitting positive values in the learners such as respecting scholars, valuing time and applying what they learn.

The researcher concluded that the educational stages, methods and techniques during the time of the Rashid Caliphs remarkably resemble the stages, methods and techniques of education in modern time.