قياس التفاؤل و التشاؤم لدى طلبة الجامعة

الملخص EN

The aimes of this study is to investigate Optimism and Pessimism among university undergraduates including the first and fourth stage students ,the sample of this stoudy contained (326) students ,(633) male and (631) female, The researcher adopted a scale of Dember et al (1889) translated and adjusted to arabic version by Al-Dosoke (2001).

The results have shown that students have optimism including the first and fourth stage and no significant difference between the students as far as ncluding the first and fourth study stage and gender, Implications of the results and recommendations for further research are discussed.