The Problem of Confounding in Studies of the Effect of Maternal Drug Use on Pregnancy Outcome
Author
Source
Obstetrics and Gynecology International
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-16, 16 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2011-11-22
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
16
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
In most epidemilogical studies, the problem of confounding adds to the uncertainty in conclusions drawn.
This is also true for studies on the effect of maternal drug use on birth defect risks.
This paper describes various types of such confounders and discusses methods to identify and adjust for them.
Such confounders can be found in maternal characteristics like age, parity, smoking, use of alcohol, and body mass index, subfertility, and previous pregnancies including previous birth of a malformed child, socioeconomy, race/ethnicity, or country of birth.
Confounding by concomitant maternal drug use may occur.
A geographical or seasonal confounding can exist.
In rare instances, infant sex and multiple birth can appear as confounders.
The most difficult problem to solve is often confounding by indication.
The problem of confounding is less important for congenital malformations than for many other pregnancy outcomes.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Källén, Bengt. 2011. The Problem of Confounding in Studies of the Effect of Maternal Drug Use on Pregnancy Outcome. Obstetrics and Gynecology International،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-16.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1002614
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Källén, Bengt. The Problem of Confounding in Studies of the Effect of Maternal Drug Use on Pregnancy Outcome. Obstetrics and Gynecology International No. 2012 (Dec. 2012), pp.1-16.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1002614
American Medical Association (AMA)
Källén, Bengt. The Problem of Confounding in Studies of the Effect of Maternal Drug Use on Pregnancy Outcome. Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2011. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-16.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1002614
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1002614