Epigenetics and Breast Cancers
Joint Authors
Source
Obstetrics and Gynecology International
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-10, 10 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-04-10
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
10
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Several of the active compounds in foods, poisons, drugs, and industrial chemicals may, by epigenetic mechanisms, increase or decrease the risk of breast cancers.
Enzymes that are involved in DNA methylation and histone modifications have been shown to be altered in several types of breast and other cancers resulting in abnormal patterns of methylation and/or acetylation.
Hypermethylation at the CpG islands found in estrogen response element (ERE) promoters occurs in conjunction with ligand-bonded alpha subunit estrogen receptor (Erα) dimers wherein the ligand ERα dimer complex acts as a transcription factor and binds to the ERE promoter.
Ligands could be 17-β-estradiol (E2), phytoestrogens, heterocyclic amines, and many other identified food additives and heavy metals.
The dimer recruits DNA methyltransferases which catalyze the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to 5′-cytosine on CpG islands.
Other enzymes are recruited to the region by ligand-ERα dimers which activate DNA demethylases to act simultaneously to increase gene expression of protooncogenes and growth-promoting genes.
Ligand-ERα dimers also recruit histone acetyltransferase to the ERE promoter region.
Histone demethylases such as JMJD2B and histone methyltransferases are enzymes which demethylate lysine residues on histones H3 and/or H4.
This makes the chromatin accessible for transcription factors and enzymes.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Vo, An T.& Millis, Richard M.. 2012. Epigenetics and Breast Cancers. Obstetrics and Gynecology International،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1002658
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Vo, An T.& Millis, Richard M.. Epigenetics and Breast Cancers. Obstetrics and Gynecology International No. 2012 (Dec. 2012), pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1002658
American Medical Association (AMA)
Vo, An T.& Millis, Richard M.. Epigenetics and Breast Cancers. Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1002658
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1002658