The Investigation of Tramadol Dependence with No History of Substance Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Spontaneously Reported Cases in Guangzhou City, China
Joint Authors
Source
Issue
Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-6, 6 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2013-09-12
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
6
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
The study was to survey and assess the drug dependence and abuse potential of tramadol with no history of substance abuse.
Subjects of tramadol dependence with no prior history of substance abuse were surveyed by interview.
Physical dependence of tramadol was assessed using 10 items opiate withdrawal scale (OWS), and psychological dependence was assessed by Addiction Research Center Inventory—Chinese Version (ARCI-CV).
Twenty-three male subjects (the median age was 23.4±4.1 years) referred to the addiction unit in Medical Hospital of Guangzhou with tramadol abuse problems were included in this cross-sectional study.
The control group included 87 heroin addicts, 60 methamphetamine (MA) abusers, and 50 healthy men.
The scores of OWS of tramadol were 0.83–2.30; the mean scores of identifying euphoric effects–MBG, sedative effects–PCAG, and psychotomimetic effects–LSD of ARCI were 8.96±3.08, 6.52±3.25, and 6.65±2.50, respectively, F = 4.927, P<0.001.
Scores of MBG scale in tramadol did not differ from those in heroin and MA groups (P>0.05) but were higher than those in healthy men (P<0.05).
Tramadol with no history of substance abuse has a clear risk of producing high abuse potential under the long-term infrequent abuse and the high doses.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Zhang, Haoran& Liu, Zhimin. 2013. The Investigation of Tramadol Dependence with No History of Substance Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Spontaneously Reported Cases in Guangzhou City, China. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1003885
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Zhang, Haoran& Liu, Zhimin. The Investigation of Tramadol Dependence with No History of Substance Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Spontaneously Reported Cases in Guangzhou City, China. BioMed Research International No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1003885
American Medical Association (AMA)
Zhang, Haoran& Liu, Zhimin. The Investigation of Tramadol Dependence with No History of Substance Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Spontaneously Reported Cases in Guangzhou City, China. BioMed Research International. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1003885
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1003885