Terpinen-4-ol Induces Apoptosis in Human Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract EN

Terpinen-4-ol, a monoterpene component of the essential oils of several aromatic plants, exhibits antitumor effects.

In this study, the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for it were evaluated and studied, respectively on human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol elicited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, as determined by MTT assay.

Increased sub-G1 population and annexin-V binding, activation of caspases 9 and 3, cleavage of poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP), and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) indicated involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in terpinen-4-ol-treated A549 and CL1-0 cells.

Elevation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and a decrease in IAP family proteins XIAP and survivin were also observed following terpinen-4-ol treatment.

Notably, terpinen-4-ol was able to increase p53 levels in A549 and CL1-0 cells.

Diminution of p53 by RNA interference induced necrosis instead of apoptosis in A549 cells following terpinen-4-ol treatment, indicating that terpinen-4-ol-elicited apoptosis is p53-dependent.

Moreover, intratumoral administration of terpinen-4-ol significantly suppressed the growth of s.c.

A549 xenografts by inducing apoptosis, as confirmed by TUNEL assay.

Collectively, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying terpinen-4-ol-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, rendering this compound a potential anticancer drug for NSCLC.