Purpurogallin, a Natural Phenol, Attenuates High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm in a Rat Model

Abstract EN

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was shown to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation of animals following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of purpurogallin, a natural phenol, on the alternation of cytokines and HMGB1 in a SAH model.

A rodent double hemorrhage SAH model was employed.

Basilar arteries (BAs) were harvested to examine HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression (Western blot).

CSF samples were to examine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (rt-PCR).

Deformed endothelial wall, tortuous elastic lamina, and necrotic smooth muscle were observed in the vessels of SAH groups but were absent in the purpurogallin group.

IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups were significantly elevated (P<0.01).

Purpurgallin dose-dependently reduced HMGB1 protein expression.

Likewise, high dose purpurogallin reduced TNF-α and HMGB1 mRNA levels.

In conclusion, purpurogallin exerts its neuroinflammation effect through the dual effect of inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression and reducing HMGB1 protein and mRNA expression.

This study supports purpurogallin could attenuate both proinflammatory cytokines and late-onset inflammasome in SAH induced vasospasm.