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The Pathology of Orthopedic Implant Failure Is Mediated by Innate Immune System Cytokines
Joint Authors
Landgraeber, S.
Jäger, Marcus
Jacobs, Joshua J.
Hallab, Nadim James
Source
Issue
Vol. 2014, Issue 2014 (31 Dec. 2014), pp.1-9, 9 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2014-05-07
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
9
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
All of the over 1 million total joint replacements implanted in the US each year are expected to eventually fail after 15–25 years of use, due to slow progressive subtle inflammation at the bone implant interface.
This inflammatory disease state is caused by implant debris acting, primarily, on innate immune cells, that is, macrophages.
This slow progressive pathological bone loss or “aseptic loosening” is a potentially life-threatening condition due to the serious complications in older people (>75 yrs) of total joint replacement revision surgery.
In some people implant debris (particles and ions from metals) can influence the adaptive immune system as well, giving rise to the concept of metal sensitivity.
However, a consensus of studies agrees that the dominant form of this response is due to innate reactivity by macrophages to implant debris where both danger (DAMP) and pathogen (PAMP) signalling elicit cytokine-based inflammatory responses.
This paper discusses implant debris induced release of the cytokines and chemokines due to activation of the innate (and the adaptive) immune system and the subsequent formation of osteolysis.
Different mechanisms of implant-debris reactivity related to the innate immune system are detailed, for example, danger signalling (e.g., IL-1 β , IL-18, IL-33, etc.), toll-like receptor activation (e.g., IL-6, TNF- α , etc.), apoptosis (e.g., caspases 3–9), bone catabolism (e.g., TRAP5b), and hypoxia responses (Hif1- α ).
Cytokine-based clinical and basic science studies are in progress to provide diagnosis and therapeutic intervention strategies.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Landgraeber, S.& Jäger, Marcus& Jacobs, Joshua J.& Hallab, Nadim James. 2014. The Pathology of Orthopedic Implant Failure Is Mediated by Innate Immune System Cytokines. Mediators of Inflammation،Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1043362
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Landgraeber, S.…[et al.]. The Pathology of Orthopedic Implant Failure Is Mediated by Innate Immune System Cytokines. Mediators of Inflammation No. 2014 (2014), pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1043362
American Medical Association (AMA)
Landgraeber, S.& Jäger, Marcus& Jacobs, Joshua J.& Hallab, Nadim James. The Pathology of Orthopedic Implant Failure Is Mediated by Innate Immune System Cytokines. Mediators of Inflammation. 2014. Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1043362
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1043362