1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Promotes High Glucose-Induced M1 Macrophage Switching to M2 via the VDR-PPAR γ Signaling Pathway
Joint Authors
Zhang, Xiaoliang
Zhou, Min
Guo, Yinfeng
Song, Zhixia
Liu, Bicheng
Source
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-14, 14 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-04-19
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
14
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Macrophages, especially their activation state, are closely related to the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Classically activated macrophages (M1) are proinflammatory effectors, while alternatively activated macrophages (M2) exhibit anti-inflammatory properties.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 has renoprotective roles that extend beyond the regulation of mineral metabolism, and PPARγ, a nuclear receptor, is essential for macrophage polarization.
The present study investigates the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on macrophage activation state and its underlying mechanism in RAW264.7 cells.
We find that, under high glucose conditions, RAW264.7 macrophages tend to switch to the M1 phenotype, expressing higher iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα and IL-12.
While 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 significantly inhibited M1 activation, it enhanced M2 macrophage activation; namely, it upregulated the expression of MR, Arg-1, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 but downregulated the M1 markers.
However, the above effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were abolished when the expression of VDR and PPARγ was inhibited by VDR siRNA and a PPARγ antagonist.
In addition, PPARγ was also decreased upon treatment with VDR siRNA.
The above results demonstrate that active vitamin D promoted M1 phenotype switching to M2 via the VDR-PPARγ pathway.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Zhang, Xiaoliang& Zhou, Min& Guo, Yinfeng& Song, Zhixia& Liu, Bicheng. 2015. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Promotes High Glucose-Induced M1 Macrophage Switching to M2 via the VDR-PPAR γ Signaling Pathway. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1054406
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Zhang, Xiaoliang…[et al.]. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Promotes High Glucose-Induced M1 Macrophage Switching to M2 via the VDR-PPAR γ Signaling Pathway. BioMed Research International No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1054406
American Medical Association (AMA)
Zhang, Xiaoliang& Zhou, Min& Guo, Yinfeng& Song, Zhixia& Liu, Bicheng. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Promotes High Glucose-Induced M1 Macrophage Switching to M2 via the VDR-PPAR γ Signaling Pathway. BioMed Research International. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1054406
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1054406